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BB LEC (OTHER BLOOD GROUPS) > MNSs and Kell > Flashcards

MNSs and Kell Flashcards

1
Q

Who Discovered MNSs?

A

Landsteiner and Levine

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2
Q

MNSs Year of Discovery

A

1927

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3
Q

MNSs composed of how many antigens?

A

40

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: MNSs is found on SECRETIONS

A

FALSE: Found on RBC and some tissues

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5
Q

MNSs is used in what testing?

A

Paternity Testing

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6
Q

Anti-M Lectins:

A

Iberis amara

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7
Q

Anti-N Lectins:

A

Vicia graminea, Bauhinia variegata, Bauhinia purpura

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8
Q

Genes for MNSs are traced at

A

Chromosome 4q28-q31
(Long arm of Chromosome 4, Band 28-31)

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9
Q

Alleles that are codominant in MNSs

A

GYPA AND GYPB

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10
Q

Codes for Glycophorin A

A

GYPA

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11
Q

Considered as ancestral gene

A

GYPA

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12
Q

Number of exons in GYPA

A

7 exons

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13
Q

Codes for Glycophorin B

A

GYPB

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14
Q

Numer of exons in GYPB

A

5 exons, 1 noncoding exon (pseudoexon)

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: MNSs antigens are POORLY developed at birth

A

FALSE - MNSs antigens are FULLY developed at birth

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16
Q

MNSs antigens are attached to the

A

Glycophorin proteins

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17
Q

Proteins that are Sialic acid-rich are called

A

Sialoglycoproteins

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18
Q

M and N are at the (blank) of GPA

A

Extreme Terminus

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19
Q

(Blank) and (Blank) are also expressed in Renal Endothelium and Epithelium

A

GPA and GPB

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20
Q

N antigen is defined by what amino acids?

A

Leucine and Glutamic acid

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21
Q

M and N antigens resides at (blank) of the (blank)

A

Glycophorin A of the RBC Membrane

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22
Q

M antigen are define by what amino acids?

A

Serine and Glycine

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23
Q

How many copies of GPA per RBC?

A

200,000 to 1,000,000 copies of GPA

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24
Q

S and s antigens are discovered at what year?

A

1947 (S)
1951 (s)

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25
Q

Who discovered S antigen?

A

Walsh and Carmel Montgomery

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26
Q

s antigen was discovered at what year?

A

1951

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27
Q

S and s antigens are found in (blank) on (blank)

A

Glycophorin B on RBC membrane

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28
Q

S antigen amino acid

A

Methionine

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29
Q

s antigen amino acid

A

Threonine

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30
Q

How many copies of GPB per RBC?

A

50,000 to 250,000 copies per RBC

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31
Q

U antigens are found on (blank) on (blank)

A

Glycophorin B on RBC Membrane

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32
Q

Considered as “Universal Antigen”

A

U antigen

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33
Q

“High Incidence” antigen

A

U antigen

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34
Q

Found on all individual except 1% of African Americans

A

U antigen

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35
Q

Who discovered U antigen?

A

Weiner

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36
Q

At what year did Weiner discovered U antigen via Anti-U?

A

1953

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37
Q

RBC with U antigen carries (blank) and (blank) antigens

A

S and s antigens

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38
Q

Carries S and s antigens

A

U antigen

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39
Q

M and N are easily destroyed by what enzymes?

A

Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Trypsin, Pronase

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40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: S and s and EASILY destroyed by enzymes

A

FALSE: S and s are LESS easily destroyed by enzymes

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41
Q

What enzymes destroy S and s activity?

A

Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Pronase, Chymotrypsin

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42
Q

Anount of degradation of S and s activity may depend on (blank), (blank) and (blank)

A

Strength of enzyme solution, Length of Treatment, Enzyme-to-cell ratio

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43
Q

What enzymes cannot destroy S and s?

A

Trypsin, Dithiothreitol, Glycine-acid EDTA

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44
Q

Term used to describe a pair of antigens that are coded by different alleles of a single gene.

A

Antithetical

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45
Q

Frequency of U in Whites

A

99.90%

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46
Q

Frequency of U in blacks?

A

99%

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47
Q

Frequency of s in whites?

A

89%

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48
Q

Frequency of s in blacks?

A

93%

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49
Q

Least frequent antigen in Whites?

A

S: 55%

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50
Q

Least frequent antigen in Blacks

A

S: 31%

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51
Q

Do not bind complement and does not cause HDN or HTR

A

Anti-M and Anti-N

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52
Q

Cold reactive saline agglutinins

A

Anti-M and Anti-N

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53
Q

Anti M and Anti N is enhanced with

A

acidification

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54
Q

Anti M and Anti N reacts best

A

4C

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55
Q

This antibody has enhanced reaction at pH 6.5

A

Anti-M

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56
Q

Observed from multiparous women

A

Anti-M

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57
Q

Common in children and in patients with bacterial infection

A

Anti - M

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58
Q

Can demonstrate dosage

A

Anti-M and Anti-N

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59
Q

Less common antibody

A

Anti-N

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60
Q

Specific at Alkaline pH

A

Anti-N

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61
Q

IgM, rarely natural

A

Anti M and Anti N

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62
Q

Anti M and Anti N is formed due to (blank) or (blank)

A

Transfusion or Pregnancy

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63
Q

Some are IgG

A

Anti-N

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64
Q

Reacts better with M-N+ than M+N+

A

Anti-N

65
Q

Anti-N reacts better with (blank) than (blank)

A

(M-N+) than (M+N+)

66
Q

Observed in renal patients where dialysis machinen is sterilized with formalin

A

Anti-N

67
Q

Anti-N is observed in (blank) where (blank) machine is sterilized with (blank)

A

Renal patients, dialysis, formalin

68
Q

Anti-S and Anti-s reacts best at

A

37C, some reacts at 10C and 22C

69
Q

Both are IgG and in AHG Phase

A

Anti-S and anti-s

70
Q

If anti-S and anti-s specificity is suspected but pattern activity is unclear, what will you do?

A

Incubate test at room temperature and perform AHG immediately

71
Q

Binds complement and can cause HDFN and HTR with Hemoglobinuria

A

Anti-S and Anti-s

72
Q

May exhibit dosage effect

A

Anti-S and anti-s

73
Q

An IgG enhanced with enzyme treatment

A

Anti-U

74
Q

Reacts at 37C and AHG phase

A

Anti-U

75
Q

Can cause HDFN and HTR and decreased Red Cell Survival

A

Anti-U

76
Q

Some individuals have altered GPA and that their antibody is specific for a portion of the common antigen they lack

A

Autoantibodies

77
Q

Year of S antigen discovery

A

1947

78
Q

Year of s antigen discovery

A

1951

79
Q

1% of african american (1-35% africans)

A

No U antigens

80
Q

Both Highly homologous alleles

A

GYPA and GYPB

81
Q

ISBT # of MNSs

A

002

82
Q

Kell ISBT

A

006

83
Q

Anti-K was first discovered in the (blank) of (blank)

A

serum; mrs. kelleher

84
Q

mrs. kelleher serum reacted with the RBCs of her (blank), (blank), and (blank)

A

newborn infant, older daughter, and her husband

85
Q

Anti-K discovered on (blank) by (blank)

A

1946; robin coombs

86
Q

high prevalence antigen discovered on 1949

A

antithetical “k” or cellano

87
Q

cellano first described by

A

levine and group

88
Q

described first on 1957

A

Kpa antigen and null phenotype (Ko)

89
Q

Kpa antigen and null phenotype (Ko) were first described on

A

1957

90
Q

first described on 1958

A

Jsa and Kpb

91
Q

Jsa named after

A

John Sutter

92
Q

Kpb year?

A

1958

93
Q

Jsb first described in what year?

A

1963

94
Q

Both Jsa and Jsb were officially added to Kell in what year?

A

1965

95
Q

In 1965, Both (blank) and (Blank) were added to Kell System.

A

Jsa and Jsb

96
Q

K11 antigen first reported in?

A

1971

97
Q

Kpc antigen joined the kell system in this year

A

1979

98
Q

What happened in 1965 in Kell?

A

Jsa and Jsb added to Kell Antigen

99
Q

What happened in year 1949 in Kell?

A

Discovery of Cellano “k”

100
Q

What happened in 1985

A

Low incidence K24 was found

101
Q

Kel gene is found on ?

A

Chromosome 7q33/34 (Long arm of Chromosome 7, band 33-34)

102
Q

Kel gene has how many exons?

A

19 exons

103
Q

(blank) are due to single base mutations that results in amino acid substitution

A

Kell antigens

104
Q

Kell antigens are due to single base mutations that results in (blank)

A

Amino acid substitutions

105
Q

The site of the different kell genes that produce antigens

A

Kell locus

106
Q

5 sets of alleles that produce Kell system’s antithetical antigens

A

K and k
Kpa and Kpb
Jsa and Jsb
K11 and K17
K14 and K24

107
Q

Kell is member of (blank) family

A

Neprilysin Family

108
Q

Kell antigens are located on

A

Type 2 glycoprotein with 731 amino acids

109
Q

N terminal domain is (blank)

A

intracellular

110
Q

large external (blank) domain

A

C terminal

111
Q

C terminal domain is highly folded by (blank)

A

Disulfide linkages

112
Q

C terminal domain is highly folded by disulfide linkages and has (blank) amino acids with (blank) cystein residues

A

665 amino acids with 15 cysteine residues

113
Q

The glycoprotein of Kell is linked with (blank)

A

XK protein

114
Q

The glycoprotein is linked with XK protein by a disulfide bond at (blank) of (blank) to the (blank) of the XK glycoprotein

A

Cys72 of Kell protein to the Cys347 of XK glycoprotein

115
Q

Kell antigen expression is dependent on presence of (blank)

A

XK protein

116
Q

Kell antigens are only found on

A

RBCs

117
Q

Kell antigens appear on (blank) earlier than Rh proteins

A

Fetal red cells

118
Q

Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as a

A

Zinc Endopeptidase

119
Q

Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as a Zinc Endopeptidase which is central to (blank) and (blank)

A

Zinc Binding and Catalytic activity

120
Q

K is also known as

A

Kell

121
Q

K can be detected on fetal RBC as early as

A

10 weeks gestation

122
Q

K antigen has how many sites per RBC

A

3,500 to 18,000 per RBC

123
Q

Very immunogenic (2nd to D)

A

K

124
Q

Also known as ‘cellano’

A

k

125
Q

k is also known as

A

Cellano

126
Q

detected as early as 7 weeks

A

k

127
Q

k antigen is detected as early as

A

7 weeks

128
Q

Penny is also known as

A

Kpa

129
Q

Kpa also known as

A

Penny

130
Q

Low prevalence mutation result of Kpb

A

Kpa

131
Q

found in 2% of whites

A

Kpa

132
Q

Gene encoding antigen is associated with suppression of other kell antigens

A

Kpa

133
Q

Also known as Rautenberg

A

Kpb

134
Q

Also known as Kpb

A

Rautenberg

135
Q

Antithetical to Jsb antigen

A

Jsa

136
Q

Found in 20% of blacks

A

Jsa

137
Q

High prevalence antigens of Kell

A

k, Kpb, Jsb

138
Q

low prevalence antigens of kell

A

K, Kpa,Jsa

139
Q

Kell is resistant to

A

Ficin and Papain

140
Q

Kell is sensitive to

A

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

141
Q

Kell is destroyed by

A

Glycine-acid EDTA

142
Q

Kell is sensitive to treatment with (blank) (SPECIFY)

A

SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS
2-mercaptoethanol
Dithiothreitol
2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide

143
Q

Reduces disulfide bonds of protein

A

Sulfhydryl Reagents

144
Q

A patient red cells lack the entire Kell glycoprotein

A

K0 - Kell Null Phenotype

145
Q

No Kell antigens

A

Kell Null Phenotypes

146
Q

Kell Null Phenotype is identified by

A

Bruce Chown, Marion Lewis, Kiroko Kaita

147
Q

Kell null Phenotype year of discovery

A

1957

148
Q

Most encountered antibody next to ABO and Rh

A

Anti-K

149
Q

Kell antibody is usually (Blank), and predominantly (blank)

A

IgG, IgG1

150
Q

Anti-K reacts at

A

AHG Phase (IAT)

151
Q

Anti-K is stimulated by

A

Pragnancy or Transfusion

152
Q

Anti-K also have reports of IgM stimulated by

A

Bacterial infections

153
Q

Anti-K is associated with (blank) and (blank)

A

sever HTR and severe HDFN

154
Q

Anti-K, patients should receive (blank)

A

antigen-negative blood

155
Q

Not commonly detected Kell Antibodies

A

Anti-Kpa
Anti-Kpb
Anti-Kpc
Anti-Jsa
Anti-Jsb

156
Q

Kell antigens found in whites

A

Kpa

157
Q

Kell antigens found in asians

A

Kpc

158
Q

Kell antigens common in blacks

A

Jsa

BB LEC (OTHER BLOOD GROUPS) (1 decks)

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