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Blood Banking (Oral Revalida) > MNSs > Flashcards

MNSs Flashcards

1
Q

Give the ISBT number of MNSs

A

ISBT #002

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2
Q

Who discovered the blood group MNSs?

A

Landsteiner and Levine in 1927

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3
Q

How many antigens does MNSs composed of?

A

40 antigens with the most common: M, N , S, s and U

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4
Q

Unique feature of MNSs

A

Used in Paternity testing

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5
Q

What are the Lectins used for MN typing?

A

Anti-M
- Iberis amara

Anti-N
- Vicia graminea,
- Bauhinia variegata
- Bauhinia purpura

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6
Q

Give the MNSs Genetics

A

The gene that codes for MNSs is located on chromosome 4q28-q31

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7
Q

How do you read the chromosome?

ex. 4q28-q31

A

Conventional
- Chromosome 4, long arm, region 2 band 8 to long arm region 3 band 1

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8
Q

What does GYPA and GYPB codes?

A

GYPA codes for Glycophorin A

GYPB codes for Glycophorin B

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8
Q

Considered as the ancestral gene with 7 exons

A

GYPA

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9
Q

With 5 exons and one noncoding (pseudoexon)

A

GYPB

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10
Q

Alleles for GYPA and GYPB are?

A

Codominant and both are highly homologous

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE: MNSs Antigens are not fully developed at birth

A

FALSE; they are fully developed at birth

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12
Q

Antigen/s that resides in Glycophorin A of the RBC membrane

A
  • M (MNS1)
  • N (MNS2)
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13
Q

Antigen/s that resides in Glycophorin B of the RBC membrane

A
  • S (MNS3)
  • s (MNS4)
  • U (MNS5)
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14
Q

Where does MNSs antigens are attached in terms of it biochemical structure?

A

Glycophorin proteins

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15
Q

since these are Sialic acid-rich proteins; what is called?

A

Sialoglycoproteins

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16
Q

Where does M & N antigens located?

A

Extreme terminus of GPA

17
Q

What other areas do GPA and GPB are expressed?

A
  • renal endothelium and epithelium
18
Q

Amino acids:
N antigen are defined by

A

Leucine and Glutamic acid

19
Q

Amino acids:
M antigens are defined by

A

Serine and Glycine

20
Q

How many copies does M and N antigens have of GPA per RBC?

A

200,000 to 1,000,000 copies of GPA per RBC

21
Q

Who discovered the S and s antigens?

A

Walsh and Carmel Montgomery in 1947

22
Q

In what year does the antithetical partner of “S” antigen was discovered?

A

s antigen was discovered in 1951

23
Q

How many copies does S and s antigens have GPB per RBC?

A

50,000 to 250,000 copies of GPB per RBC

24
Q

Amino acid:
S and s antigens are defined by

A
  • S antigens defined by methionine
  • s antigens defined by threonine
25
Q

What does “U” antigens stand for?

A

“Universal” which makes it a ‘high incidence’ antigens

26
Q

distribution for U antigens

A

found on RBCs of all individuals except about 1% of African Americans (1%-35% Africans)

27
Q

Give the year, discoverer and method for U antigen

A

Discovered by Weiner via anti-U in 1953

28
Q

TRUE or FALSE: RBCs with U antigen also carries the S and s antigens

A

TRUE

29
Q

MNSs treatment:
M and N antigens -
S and s antigens

A
  • destroyed by Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Trypsin, Pronase
  • destroyed by Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Pronase, Chymotrypsin but resistant to Trypsin, Dithioreithol and Glycine acid EDTA
30
Q

What does antithetical mean?

A

this is a term used to describe a pair of antigens that are coded by different alleles of a single gene.

31
Q

Frequencies:
M+
N+
S+
s+
U+

A

Whites Black
- 78% - 74%
- 72% - 75%
- 55% - 31%
- 89% - 93%
- 99.90 - 99%

32
Q

Antibodies of Anti-M and Anti-N

A
  • IgM, rarely natural (formed due to transfusion or pregnancy)
  • Do not bind complement and does not cause HDNs or HTRs
  • Cold reactive saline agglutinins
  • Reaction is enhanced by acidification
  • Reacts best at 4C
33
Q

Anti-M is enhanced at what pH?

A

pH 6.5

34
Q

Characteristics for Anti-M

A
  • Observed in multiparous women
  • common in children and in patients with bacterial infection
  • can demonstrate dosage
35
Q

Characteristics of Anti-N

A
  • less common, specific at alkaline pH
  • Some are IgG, mostly IgM
  • Can demonstrate dosage
  • observed in renal patients where dialysis machine is sterilized with formalin
36
Q

Characteristics of Anti-S and anti-s

A
  • both are IgG and reacts in AHG phase
  • Reacts at 37C (but some reacts at 10C-22C)
  • Binds complement and can cause HDFN and HTR with hemoglobinuria
  • May exhibit dosage
37
Q

What to do is anti-S or anti-s specificity is suspected but the pattern of reactivity is unclear?

A

incubate at room temperature and perform AHG immediately (some react at 10C-22C)

38
Q

Characteristics of anti-U

A
  • an IgG and is enhanced with enzyme treatment
  • Reacts at 37C and AHG phase
    can cause HDFN and HTR and decreased Red cell survival
39
Q

Some individuals have altered GPA and that their antibody is specific for a
portion of the common antigen they lack

A

MNSs autoantibodies

Blood Banking (Oral Revalida) (3 decks)

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