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MNSR > MNSR23 > Flashcards

MNSR23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism required to change temperature

A

heat energy must be either added or removed

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2
Q

What does the rise in T depend on

A

1- mass

2- Specific heat capacity

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3
Q

Specific Heat capacity formula

A

Q = m C (delta)T

Q being the amount of heat energy required

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4
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1C

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5
Q

Define thermal inertia

A

measure of how quickly or slowly an object gains or loses heat to its environment

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6
Q

Explain the thermal inertia of water and steel

A
  • Water (and the body) have high thermal inertia
  • High thermal inertia is said to be great resistance to a change in temperature
  • Steel has a low thermal inertia
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7
Q

(Work out): How much heat is required to raise the temperature of a 20kg iron from 10oC to 90oC
( specific heat of iron C= 450 J/Kg.oC

A

Q = mC(delta)T
Change in Temp. (delta)T= (90-10) =80 C
Q= 20 x 450x 80 = 7.2 x105 J = 720

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8
Q

State the 5 states of matter

A 
1- solid 
2- liquid 
3- gas
4- plasma
5- Bose-einstein condensate
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9
Q

Explain the chemical bonding of SOILDS and their properties

A
  • Particles are tightly packed together
  • Vibrate about a fixed position
  • Have a definite shape and volume
  • infinite number of free surfaces
  • Metallic solids dont need all their electrons for bonding
  • insulators need all their electrons for bonding
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10
Q

Explain the chemical bonding of LIQUIDS and their properties

A
  • particles of liquids are tightly packed but free to move around
  • indefinite shape but definite volume
  • one free surface
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11
Q

Explain the chemical bonding of GASES and their properties

A
  • Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely
  • interact with each other by elastic collisions
  • indefinite shape and indefinite volume
  • No free surface
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12
Q

Explain the structure and properties of PLASMA

A
  • Ionized gas
  • Very good conductor of electricity and affected by magnetic fields
  • indefinite shape and volume (similar to gases)
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13
Q

Explain the properties of BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

A
  • a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero
  • opposite of plasma
  • occurs at ultra low temperatures, at a point where the atoms are not moving at all
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14
Q

Describe a way of phase changes

A
  • The four interchangeable states can be achieved : liquid gas solid and plasma
  • This is done by increasing temperature to lead to phase changes
  • Solid > Liquid > Gas > Plasma
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15
Q

List the 4 phase chase changes

A

1- Freezing
2- Melting
3- Boiling
4- Evaporation

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16
Q

(Refer to graph on page 16): Describe

A

Add heat to block of ice. Temp. rises until a Phase Change occurs. Temp. stays constant until all ice changes (water) and temp. rises until all water boiling and stays const. until all water changes to (steam)

17
Q

What is latent heat

A

amount of heat absorbed or released

18
Q

Define and give formula for LANTENT HEAT OF FUSION

A
  • The energy (heat) required to convert 1kg of solid to 1 kg of liquid
  • Q= m Lf
  • Lf=344 kJ/kg
19
Q

Define and give formula of Latent heat of Vapourisation

A
  • The energy (heat) required to convert 1kg of liquid to 1 kg of gas
  • Q= m Lv
  • Lv= 2260 kJ/kg
20
Q

Describe the evaporation of water in comparison to ice

A

Water takes more energy to evaporate than ice to melt

When each molecule of water evaporates from skin it take a significant amount of heat energy

21
Q

(Work out):How much energy does a refrigerator have to remove from 1.5 kg of water from 20oC to make ice at -12oC.

A

Q= mCwDT+ mLf+ mCiceDT
Q= 1.5x4186x(20-0)+1.5x3.34x105+ 1.5x2100x(0-(-12))
Q=

22
Q

Define Triple Point

A
  • the triple point of a substance is the temperatures and pressure at which three phases (for example, gas. Liquid and solid of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium
  • For water at exactly 273.16K (0.01 oC and a partial vapour pressure of 611.73 Pascal
23
Q

State the 4 modes of heat transfer

A

1- Conduction (solids)
2- Convection (liquids and gases)
3- Radiation (air/vaccuum)
4- Evaporation (sweating)
- Convection and Radiation are losses from exposed surface of body
- Conduction is heat losses through covered surface parts of body

MNSR (2 decks)

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