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BBTS Chapter 8 Other Blood Group Systems > MNS > Flashcards

MNS Flashcards

1
Q

How many antigens does the MNS blood group have?

A

46

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2
Q

What are the 4 major antigen?

A

M, N, S, s

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3
Q

What type of membrane is the MNS antigen carried on?

A

A single-pass membrane sialoglycoproteins (glycophorin A and B)

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4
Q

Which of the 4 major antigens are antithetical?

A

M and N
S and s

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5
Q

Is M or N expressed on GPA or GPB?

A

Glycophorin A (GPA)

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6
Q

Is S or s expressed on GPA or GPB?

A

Glycophorin B (GPB)

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7
Q

How are the M and N antigens produced?

A

By the allelic genes M and N respectively

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8
Q

How many amino acid difference are there between M and N?

A

2

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9
Q

At which positions do the amino acids change for M and N?

A

1 and 5

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10
Q

To get M what amino acid is required at position 1?

A

Serine

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11
Q

To get M what amino acid is required at position 5?

A

Leucine

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12
Q

To get N what amino acid is required at position 1?

A

Glycine

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13
Q

To get N what amino acid is required at position 5?

A

Glutamic acid

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14
Q

To get S what amino acid is required at position 29?

A

Methionine

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15
Q

To get s what amino acid is required at position 29?

A

Threonine

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16
Q

How many amino acid difference are there between S and s?

A

1

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17
Q

At which positions do the amino acids change for S and s?

A

29

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18
Q

How is the S and s antigens produced?

A

By the allelic genes S and s respectively

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19
Q

What % frequency is the M+N- phenotype (MM genotype) in the white population?

A

28%

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20
Q

What % frequency is the M+N+ phenotype (MN genotype) in the white population?

A

50%

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21
Q

What % frequency is the M-N+ phenotype (NN genotype) in the white population?

A

22%

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22
Q

What % frequency is the M+N- phenotype (MM genotype) in the black population?

A

26%

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23
Q

What % frequency is the M+N+ phenotype (MN genotype) in the black population?

A

48%

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24
Q

What % frequency is the M-N+ phenotype (NN genotype) in the black population?

A

27%

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25
Q

Is M and N codominant?

A

Yes

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26
Q

As the MN antigens are carried on GPA which is the most abundant sialoglycoprotein, what contribution does this have on the red cell membrane?

A

A net negative charge

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27
Q

What happens to the M and N antigen when treated with the papain enzyme?

A

They are destroyed/cleaved

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28
Q

How does the null phenotype M-N- come about and how likely is it to happen?

A

Deletion of the gene encoding GPA.

Rare

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29
Q

What is the deletion of the GPA gene also known as?

A

En(a-)

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30
Q

How can someone make anti-M or anti-N?

A

Transfusion
Pregnancy (rare)
Naturally occurring

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31
Q

What is the optimal technique for identifying anti-M and anti-N?

A

Direct agglutination between 4 and 20 degrees Celsius

32
Q

When is anti-M clinically significant?

A

When reactive at 37 degrees Celsius

33
Q

Do anti-M and anti-N show dosage?

A

Yes

34
Q

What type of immunoglobulin is anti-N?

A

IgM

35
Q

What type of immunoglobulin is anti-M?

A

Mixture of IgG and IgM

36
Q

Can anti-M and anti-N readily activate complement?

A

No

37
Q

What are the properties of the IgG anti-M?

A

It is cold reacting and capable of direct agglutination

38
Q

Are anti-M and anti-N clinically significant?

A

No as they are unlike to cause a transfusion reaction or HDFN. (except when anti-M is active at 37oC)

39
Q

How would you provide blood to a patient with anti-M?

A

If active at 37oC M antigen negative units required. Either way the units must by crossmatch compatible IAT at 37oc

40
Q

What % frequency is the S+s- phenotype (SS genotype) in the white population?

A

11%

41
Q

What % frequency is the S+s- phenotype (SS genotype) in the black population?

A

7%

42
Q

What % frequency is the S+s+ phenotype (Ss genotype) in the white population?

A

44%

43
Q

What % frequency is the S+s+ phenotype (Ss genotype) in the black population?

A

24%

44
Q

What % frequency is the S-s+ phenotype (ss genotype) in the white population?

A

45%

45
Q

What % frequency is the S-s+ phenotype (ss genotype) in the black population?

A

69%

46
Q

What happens to the S and s antigen when treated with the papain enzyme?

A

They are destroyed/cleaved but can have variable reactions

47
Q

At what frequency is the null phenotype S-s- in the black population?

A

~1.5%

48
Q

At what frequency is the null phenotype S-s- in the white population?

A

<0.1%

49
Q

What does the presence of S and or s associated with?

A

High frequency protease resistant U antigen

50
Q

If you have the U antigen can you have the Ss antigens

A

Yes and no

51
Q

If you have the Ss antigen can you have the U antigens?

A

Always

52
Q

If you don’t have the U antigen can you have the Ss antigen?

A

Never

53
Q

What type of immunoglobulin are anti-S?

A

IgG

54
Q

Can anti-S and anti-s bind complement?

A

Not usually

55
Q

Is anti-S and anti-s clinically significant?

A

Yes because they can cause a transfusion reaction and severe HDFN

56
Q

What’s the optimal technique for detecting anti-S and anti-s?

A

Preferably 22oC by IAT but also reliably at 37oC by IAT

57
Q

Do anti-S and anti-s show dosage?

A

Yes

58
Q

How would you provide blood for a patient with either anti-S or anti-S?

A

Antigen negative crossmatch compatible IAT at 37oc

59
Q

Is anti-U clinically significant?

A

Yes because it can cause severe transfusion reaction and severe HDFN

60
Q

How would you provide blood for a patient with anti-U?

A

Antigen negative crossmatch compatible by IAT at 37oc

61
Q

How does the null phenotype M-N-S-s-U- occur?

A

Rare total GPA and GPB deficiency

62
Q

What is the null phenotype M-N-S-s-U- also known as?

A

Mk (superscript k)

63
Q

Does the Mk phenotype affect the red cell?

A

Does not appear to affect the the normal function of red cells

64
Q

Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen M?

A

78%

65
Q

Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen M?

A

74%

66
Q

Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen N?

A

72%

67
Q

Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen N?

A

75%

68
Q

Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen S?

A

31%

69
Q

Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen S?

A

55%

70
Q

Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen s?

A

89%

71
Q

Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen s?

A

93%

72
Q

Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen U?

A

100%

73
Q

Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen U?

A

98.5%

74
Q

What type of immunoglobulin are anti-s?

A

IgM or IgG

75
Q

What type of immunoglobulin is anti-U?

A

IgG

76
Q

Can anti-U activate complement?

A

No

BBTS Chapter 8 Other Blood Group Systems (4 decks)

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