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BBTS Chapter 8 Other Blood Group Systems > MNS > Flashcards

MNS Flashcards

1
Q

How many antigens does the MNS blood group have?

A

46

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2
Q

What are the 4 major antigen?

A

M, N, S, s

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3
Q

What type of membrane is the MNS antigen carried on?

A

A single-pass membrane sialoglycoproteins (glycophorin A and B)

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4
Q

Which of the 4 major antigens are antithetical?

A

M and N
S and s

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5
Q

Is M or N expressed on GPA or GPB?

A

Glycophorin A (GPA)

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6
Q

Is S or s expressed on GPA or GPB?

A

Glycophorin B (GPB)

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7
Q

How are the M and N antigens produced?

A

By the allelic genes M and N respectively

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8
Q

How many amino acid difference are there between M and N?

A

2

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9
Q

At which positions do the amino acids change for M and N?

A

1 and 5

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10
Q

To get M what amino acid is required at position 1?

A

Serine

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11
Q

To get M what amino acid is required at position 5?

A

Leucine

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12
Q

To get N what amino acid is required at position 1?

A

Glycine

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13
Q

To get N what amino acid is required at position 5?

A

Glutamic acid

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14
Q

To get S what amino acid is required at position 29?

A

Methionine

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15
Q

To get s what amino acid is required at position 29?

A

Threonine

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16
Q

How many amino acid difference are there between S and s?

A

1

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17
Q

At which positions do the amino acids change for S and s?

A

29

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18
Q

How is the S and s antigens produced?

A

By the allelic genes S and s respectively

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19
Q

What % frequency is the M+N- phenotype (MM genotype) in the white population?

A

28%

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20
Q

What % frequency is the M+N+ phenotype (MN genotype) in the white population?

A

50%

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21
Q

What % frequency is the M-N+ phenotype (NN genotype) in the white population?

A

22%

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22
Q

What % frequency is the M+N- phenotype (MM genotype) in the black population?

A

26%

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23
Q

What % frequency is the M+N+ phenotype (MN genotype) in the black population?

A

48%

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24
Q

What % frequency is the M-N+ phenotype (NN genotype) in the black population?

A

27%

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25
Is M and N codominant?
Yes
26
As the MN antigens are carried on GPA which is the most abundant sialoglycoprotein, what contribution does this have on the red cell membrane?
A net negative charge
27
What happens to the M and N antigen when treated with the papain enzyme?
They are destroyed/cleaved
28
How does the null phenotype M-N- come about and how likely is it to happen?
Deletion of the gene encoding GPA. Rare
29
What is the deletion of the GPA gene also known as?
En(a-)
30
How can someone make anti-M or anti-N?
Transfusion Pregnancy (rare) Naturally occurring
31
What is the optimal technique for identifying anti-M and anti-N?
Direct agglutination between 4 and 20 degrees Celsius
32
When is anti-M clinically significant?
When reactive at 37 degrees Celsius
33
Do anti-M and anti-N show dosage?
Yes
34
What type of immunoglobulin is anti-N?
IgM
35
What type of immunoglobulin is anti-M?
Mixture of IgG and IgM
36
Can anti-M and anti-N readily activate complement?
No
37
What are the properties of the IgG anti-M?
It is cold reacting and capable of direct agglutination
38
Are anti-M and anti-N clinically significant?
No as they are unlike to cause a transfusion reaction or HDFN. (except when anti-M is active at 37oC)
39
How would you provide blood to a patient with anti-M?
If active at 37oC M antigen negative units required. Either way the units must by crossmatch compatible IAT at 37oc
40
What % frequency is the S+s- phenotype (SS genotype) in the white population?
11%
41
What % frequency is the S+s- phenotype (SS genotype) in the black population?
7%
42
What % frequency is the S+s+ phenotype (Ss genotype) in the white population?
44%
43
What % frequency is the S+s+ phenotype (Ss genotype) in the black population?
24%
44
What % frequency is the S-s+ phenotype (ss genotype) in the white population?
45%
45
What % frequency is the S-s+ phenotype (ss genotype) in the black population?
69%
46
What happens to the S and s antigen when treated with the papain enzyme?
They are destroyed/cleaved but can have variable reactions
47
At what frequency is the null phenotype S-s- in the black population?
~1.5%
48
At what frequency is the null phenotype S-s- in the white population?
<0.1%
49
What does the presence of S and or s associated with?
High frequency protease resistant U antigen
50
If you have the U antigen can you have the Ss antigens
Yes and no
51
If you have the Ss antigen can you have the U antigens?
Always
52
If you don't have the U antigen can you have the Ss antigen?
Never
53
What type of immunoglobulin are anti-S?
IgG
54
Can anti-S and anti-s bind complement?
Not usually
55
Is anti-S and anti-s clinically significant?
Yes because they can cause a transfusion reaction and severe HDFN
56
What's the optimal technique for detecting anti-S and anti-s?
Preferably 22oC by IAT but also reliably at 37oC by IAT
57
Do anti-S and anti-s show dosage?
Yes
58
How would you provide blood for a patient with either anti-S or anti-S?
Antigen negative crossmatch compatible IAT at 37oc
59
Is anti-U clinically significant?
Yes because it can cause severe transfusion reaction and severe HDFN
60
How would you provide blood for a patient with anti-U?
Antigen negative crossmatch compatible by IAT at 37oc
61
How does the null phenotype M-N-S-s-U- occur?
Rare total GPA and GPB deficiency
62
What is the null phenotype M-N-S-s-U- also known as?
Mk (superscript k)
63
Does the Mk phenotype affect the red cell?
Does not appear to affect the the normal function of red cells
64
Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen M?
78%
65
Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen M?
74%
66
Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen N?
72%
67
Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen N?
75%
68
Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen S?
31%
69
Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen S?
55%
70
Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen s?
89%
71
Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen s?
93%
72
Percentage occurrence in the white population of antigen U?
100%
73
Percentage occurrence in the black population of antigen U?
98.5%
74
What type of immunoglobulin are anti-s?
IgM or IgG
75
What type of immunoglobulin is anti-U?
IgG
76
Can anti-U activate complement?
No

BBTS Chapter 8 Other Blood Group Systems (4 decks)

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