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Mnemonics of Ophthalmology > Mnemonics of Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Mnemonics of Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Angle structures with I CAN’T SEE THIS STUFF

or

I Can See Till Schwalbe’s Line

A

I - peripheral Iris

C - anterior border of the Ciliary Body (where is longitudinal fibers insert into the scleral spur)

S - Scleral Spur

T - Trabecular Meshwork and Schlemm Canal (Pigmented and Non pigmented)

S - Schwalbe’s Line

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2
Q

To help you remember the corneal layers, you might use this trick:

A

Descemet’s membrane is Deep while

Bowman’s layer is high up in the Bell tower

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3
Q

The Pupil is controlled by steady balance between the parasynpathetic (which constricts the pupil) and the synpathetic input (wich dilates the pupil). I remember this with the mnemonic:

A

If a grizzly bear attacks me in the dark woods, my sympathetic fight-or-flight reflex dilates my eyes so I can see beter as I run away.

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4
Q

Help remember the four structures we describe in the retina

Most Valuable Player D

A

M - Macula
V - Vessels
P - Periphery
D - Disk

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5
Q

History Questions with FLORIDA

A 
Frequency
Location
Onset
Relief
Intensidade
Duration
Associated Symptoms
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6
Q

Differential Diagnosis for ANY condition with VINDICATE

A 
Vascular
Inflammatory/Infection
Neoplastic
Degenerative/Demyelinating
Iatrogenic
Compressive
Autoimmune/Allergic
Traumatic
Endocrine
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7
Q

Congetinal nystagmus with CONGENITAL

A

Convergence & eye closure dampens
Oscillopsia absent
Null zone that is present, increases foveation time with results in increased acuity
Gaze position does not change the horizontal direction of nystagmus
Equal amplitude and frequency in each eye
Near acuity is good
Inversion of optokinetic response
Turning of head to acheive null point
Abolishes in sleep
Latente (occlusion) nystagmus occurs

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8
Q

Downbeat nystagmus causes with DoWNBEAT

A

Degeneration, Demyelination or Drugs (Lithium)
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Neoplasm or paraneoplastic cerebeller degeneration
Brainstem Disease (Syringomyelia)
Encephalitis
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Trauma or Toxin

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9
Q

Optic Neuropathy Signs with PLAC

A

Pale disc
Loss of visual acuty/Loss of red colour vision
Afferent Pupilary Defect
Central Scotoma

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10
Q

Optic Neuropathy Etiology with NIGHT TIC

A 
Neuritis
Ischemic
Granulomatous (infiltration)
Hereditary
Traumatic

Toxic
Irridiation
Compressive

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11
Q

Optic Atrophy causes with ICING

A 
Ischaemia
Compressed nerve
Intracranial pressure
Neuritis History
Glaucoma
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12
Q

Choroidal Melanoma with TO FIND SMALL OCULAR MELANOMAS USE HEPFUL HINTS DAILY

A 
Thickness (> 2mm)
Fluid subretinally
Symptoms (flashes/floaters/visua loss)
Orange pigment/lipofuscin
Margins within 3 mm of ONH
Ultrasound Hollowness
Halo absence
Drusen absence
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13
Q

Retinoblastoma classification with ABCDE

A

SmAll (< 3mm)
Bigger (> 3mm, macular, subretinal fluid)
Contained Seeds
Diffuse Seeds (> 3MM)
Extensive (> 50 globe, opaque media, NVI)

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14
Q

Retinal detachment treatment with 6 S’s

A 
Sealing of retinal breaks
SRF drainage (SRF is subretinal fluid)
Scleral buckling
SF6 pneumatic retinopexy
Sectioning vitreous (vitrectomy)
laSer prophylaxis
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15
Q

RETINA

Cherry Red Spot on Retina with CHERRY TREES NEVER GROW TALL

A 
Central retinal artery occlusion
Tay-sachs disease
Niemann-Pick disease
Gaucher's disease
Trauma (Berlin's edema)
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16
Q

RETINA

Color Blindness types with TuB PaR DoG

A 
Tritoanopes = Blue
Protoanopes = Red
Deutroanopes = Green
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17
Q

RETINA

Angiod Streaks with PEPSI LITE

A 
Pagets
Ehlers Danlos
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Sickle Cell
Idiopathic

Lead poisoning
Increased Phosphate
Epilepsy

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18
Q

LENS

Ectopia lentis causes ECTOPIC M&M

A 
Eye degeneration (phthisis)
Choroidal tumours
Trauma
Overstretched zonules (buphthalmos / megalocornea)
AR with pupil ectopy
Isolated AR
Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency (homocystanuria)
Marfans
Weill-Marchesani Syndrome
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19
Q

LENS

CATARACT caused by drugs with ABCD

A

Amiadarone
Busulphan
Chlorpromazine
Dexamethasone

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20
Q

Cataract causes with ABCDE

A

Aging
Bang: trauma; other injuries (eg infrared)
Congenital
Diabetes and other metabolic disturbances (eg steroids)
Eye diseases: glaucoma; uveitis

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21
Q

ICE Syndrome

A

Iris Nevus (cogan-reese)
Chandler’s Syndrome
Essential Iris Atrophy

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22
Q

POAG main gene

A

TIGR/MYOC
chromosome 1
AD

tigers tail looks like a 1 and he is the most dominant bouncer

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23
Q

Parinaud’s Syndrome Mnemonic (caused by pinealoma, MS, hydrocerphalus, CVA)

A 
Papilledema
Accomodative Insufficiency
Retraction of lid
Insufficient convergence
Nystagmus
Aqueductal stenosis
Upgaze Deficit
Dissociation of light-near
Skew Deviation
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24
Q

Nerves LeFT out of the annulus of Zinn

A 
LFTs
Lacrimal
Frontal
Trochlea
Superior Ophthalmic Vein
25
Muscles affected by thyroid
I M Stuart Little | Inferior, Medial, Superior, Lateral
26
Duochrome test mnemonic
RAM GAP Red clearer Add Minus Green clearer Add Plus
27
Granulomatous Uveitis Mnemonic
GLiB SHoTS | Granulomatous uveitis, Leptospirosis/Lyme, Brucellosis, Sarcoid, HSV, TB, Syphillis
28
Cloudy Cornea at Birth Mnemonic
STUMPED | Sclerocornea, Trauma, Ulcer, Mucopolysaccharidosis, Peters, Endothelial Dystrophy, Dermoid
29
Bacteria that can penetrate intact cornea
They create CANALS | Corynebacteria, Aegyptus (Haemophilus), Nisseriae, Acanthomeba, Listeria, Shigella
30
Female CARrier States (retinal changes)
CAR Choroideremia Albinism Retinitis pigmentosa
31
Stages of Sickle Retinopathy
``` NaSVaR (like nascar) Non-perfusion AV anastomoses Sea-Fan Vitreous Hemorrhage Retinal Detachment ```
32
Choroidal Folds THIN RPE
``` Tumors Hypotony Inflammation/Idiopathic Neovsacular Membrane Retrobulbar mass Papilledema Extraocular hardware ```
33
Type of cataract in galactosemia
galactOILsemia, oil drop like cataracts
34
Marcus Gunn jaw winking
close your mouth when something is inside - internal pterygoid synkinetic lid if the lid opens on jaw closing.
35
Prost. Wallenberg`s Horny ADVICe
Post inferior cerebellar a occlusion Wallenberg syndrome Horner`s synd Ataxia Dyarthria,Dysphagia Vertigo Contralateral body sensory loss
36
Heerfordt Syndrome (hear a ford PUFF)
P - Parotitis U - uveitis F - Fever F - Facial palsy
37
LGN layers, ipsilateral, contralateral
``` 2,3,5 = 10 (less fibers from ipsilateral side) 1,4,6 = 11 (more fibers from contralateral side) ```
38
Raymond
rayMOND. Mid pons, so CN 6 and contralateral weakness
39
Paradoxical pupil reaction
``` Pupil constricts to night. Baradoxical! B-Bests A- Albinism R-RP A- Achromotopsia D - dominant optic atrophy O- optic nerve hypoplasiz Xi - nothing C- Congenital Stationary Night Blindness A - nothing L - Lebers (LCA) ```
40
CAR and MAR
Cancer and melanoma associated retinopathy CAR - cones and rods MAR - mostly affects rods
41
CN 3 syndrome
are WBC W - weber - weakness (contralater) B - Benedict (red for traitor, red nucleus, red tremor) C - Claude - Cerebellar ataxia
42
Sharington's Law
Monocular principle of how muscles "share" an eye. Contraction activity in one muscle relaxes the opposing muscle.
43
Candida and Fusarium ocular infection | geographic locations
Candida in canada (north), fusarium in florida (south)
44
DES mnemonic. Burning eyes should set off FIRE ALARMS
F- foreign body, I- Infiltrations/Infections (e.g. neoplasm in nerve or lacrimal gland, herpes), R - Rosacea, E - exposure, A - Avitaminosis A, L- Lash masquerade, A- Aplasia of lacrimal gland, R - Rheum Arth M- Meds/MMP (anticholinergics) S- Sjogrens
45
Papillary conjuctivitis, think PABillary conjunctivitis
Papillary = Allergic or Bacterial conj.
46
Type of collagen in eye
Type 1 - theres a ton (everywhere) Type 2 - in the goo (vitreous) Type 3 - heal me (wound healing) Type 4 - on the floor (basement membrane)
47
Bull's eye maculopathy
Some people Can't Handle the Bull Stargardt's, Progressive cone dystrophy ,Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine Thioridazine
48
Posterior Scleritis causes with POST SCLER
Proptosis Ophthalmoplegia Swelling of disc Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign (fluid in sub-Tenon’s space) Subretinal exudates Choroidal folds Exudative RD Ring choroidal detachment
49
Blue Sclera with HOPES
``` High myopia Osteogenesis imperfecta Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Ehlers-danlos syndrome Scleritis(healed) Bupthalmos ```
50
Trabecular pigmentation causes with PIGMENT
Pseudoexfoliation & Pigment dispersion syndrome Iritis Glaucoma (Post angle closure Glaucoma) Melanosis of angle (oculodermal melanosis) Endocrine (Diabetes & Addison’s Syndrome) Naevus (Cogan-reese syndrome) Trauma
51
Secondary Glaucoma with NIPPLES
``` Neovascular Iridoschisis PXF Pigmentary Lens (phacolytic/phacomorphic) Iridocorneal Endothelial syndromes Seclusio pupillae (in iritis) +trauma (angle recession) ```
52
Neovascular glaucoma etiology with R(3)UBEITIC
``` Retinopathy Retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) Retinal detachment Uveitis BRVO Eale’s Disease Ocular Ischemic Syndrome Trauma Intraocular tumours (choroidal melanoma) Carotid Cavernous Fistula ```
53
Layers of Retina In New Generation It Is Only Ophthalmology Examinins Patients Retina
IN - Inner limiting membrane New - Nerve fiber layer Generation - Ganglion cell layer It - Inner Plexiforme layer Is - Inner Nuclear layer Only - Outer plexiform layer Ophthalmology - Outer nuclear layer Examining - External limitng membrane Patients - Photoreceptor layer (rods and cones) Retina - Retinal pigment epithelium
54
Argyl Robertson Pupil
ARP - Accommodation Reflex Present | In reverse PRA - Pupillary Reflex Absent
55
Color Blindness BuT GoD RePly
Blue - Tritanopia Green - Deuteranopia Red - Protanopia
56
Gonioscopy - Spaeth Classification
``` A - Anterior to Schwalbe line B - Behind Schwalbe line C - Scleral Spur D - Deep E - Extremely Deep ```
57
Cloudy Cornea STUMPED
``` S - Sclerocornea T - Tears U - Ulcers M - Mucopolysacharidoses P - Peters E - Endothelial dystrophy D - Dermoids ```
58
The most common cause of CME is diabetic macular edema (DME), and a popular mnemonic for causes of CME is DEPRIVENS
``` Diabetes Epinephrine Pars Planitis/Uveitis Retinitis Pigmentosa Irvine-Gass Vein Occlusion E2-prostaglandin Nicotinic acid/Niacin Surgery (PPV, PRP, etc.) ```

Mnemonics of Ophthalmology (1 decks)

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