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2019 RC 2018-2015 > Mnemonics and Things > Flashcards

Mnemonics and Things Flashcards

1
Q

SIGECAPS

A

Depression:

Depressed or anhedonia x 2 weeks
4 of:
1. Guilt
2. Energy (low)
3. Concentration (low)
4. Appetite (up or down)
5. Psychomotor Agitation or Retardation
 6. Sleep up or down
7. Death or SI

Cause distress or impair function
Not due to substance or med dx
Trial med: min. 6-12 months.
Recurrence: 50% in first year.

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2
Q

Psychiatry General Treatment Saying

A

Education
Crisis
Therapy
Pharmacology

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3
Q

Bipolar mania criteria

A 
DIGFAST
Elation or irritable x 1 week
3-4 of:
- Distractibility
- Irresponsible (high risk behaviour)
- Grandiosity
- Flight of Ideas
- Activity goal directed or agitated
- Sleep less
- Talkative

+ cause impairment
+ not due to medical dx

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4
Q

Separation Anxiety Criteria

A 
Developmental inappropriate
Excessive anxiety w/ separation
 x1 month
Min 3 of:
- distress if separated
- refusal to go to school
- fear to be alone
- refusal to sleep without attachment
- worry can lead to separation
- physical (h/a, abdo pain, N/V)

TX: CBT +/- SSRI. Back to school now!

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5
Q

Separation Anxiety Associated

A

Think Panic!

  • Panic Disorder
  • Tics
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6
Q

Generalized Anxiety Dx DSM

What is BE SKIM?

A

Most day x 6 months (think of things that take a while need a while for dx).

excessive anxiety and worry
hard to control
associated with 1 of: "BE SKIM"
BE SKIM"
- Blank mind (hard to concentrate)
- Easy fatigue
- Sleep disturbance
- Keyed up/ on edge
- Irritable
- Muscle Tension

Tx: CBT +/- SSRI

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7
Q

Students Fear the 3 C’s

A

Panic Attack= min. 4 of

  • Sweat
  • Tremble
  • Unsteady/ Dizzy
  • De-realization
  • Excess HR
  • Nausea
  • Tingling/ Paresthesia
  • SOB/smothering
  • Fear of death

Choking, Chills/Flush, Chest Pain

Note: peak 10 min and resolve by 40

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8
Q

Which DSM-5 Need one month versus 6 versus 12 months?

A

1 m= You would do something if this last 1 mo!

  • separation anxiety
  • panic attack
  • PTSD

6 months

  • generalized anxiety
  • ADHD
  • ODD
  • CD (6 month of minimal 1 symp and 12 month of 3 symp)
  • Schizophrenia

12 months:

  • Tourette
  • CD (6 month of minimal 1 symp and 12 month of 3 symp)
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9
Q

Panic Dx Criteria

A

min. 1 month
Recurrent panic attack
Worry of more OR change behaviour related to attack (i.e. avoid unfamiliar situation)

Tx: CBT +/- SSRI +/- short term benzo

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10
Q

Panic Disorder… and triad of:

A

= panic!

  • separation anxiety
  • Tourette
  • ADHD
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11
Q

OCD DSM5 Criteria

A

Obsession and/or compulsion
time consuming/distress
not due to substance or psych dx

Obsession= recurrent persistent thought/ urge/ image
Unwanted
Causing distress
Try to ignore or neutralize (i.e. compulsion)

Compulsion= repetitive behaviour, act
To respond to obsession
NOT logically tied
Time consuming

Tx: CBT +/- SSRI

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12
Q

Tourette Definition

A

2 motor + 1 vocal tic
min. 1 year
<18 y.o.
Tx: reassure +/- clonidine

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13
Q

PTSD Mnemonic

A

TTRAUMA

  • traumatic event (exposed or actual)
  • negative thought (amnesia, blame)
  • re-experience (intrusive, flashback)
  • avoidance (trauma or related stimuli)
  • unable to f’n
  • month= x 1 month
  • arousal up= irritable, aggressive, self-destructive.
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14
Q

ADHD: 6 by 6 mean?

A

6 symptom x 6 month
< 12 y.o. + 2 settings
w/ functional impairment

RF: M, low birth weight, in utero smoke, FHx

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15
Q

ADHD Meds: DAV and RBC

A

dextroamphetamine class:
DAV = Dexedrine -> Adderall -> Vyvanse

methylphenidate class
RBC = ritalin -> Biphentin -> Concerta
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16
Q

ODD DSM criteria

A 
6 month 
4 of:
Anger- lose temper, annoy, resentful
Defiant- argue, won't follow rules, blame
Vindictive

Tx: Triple P parents, youth anger management, stimulant, risperidone

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17
Q

VTAP psych mnemonic

A

Conduct Disorder

min. 3 x 12 month and min. 1 x 6 month
- Violation of rules: runs away, stay out
- Theft and defeceitfulness
- Aggression- people + animal
- Property- destroy via fire setting, damage

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18
Q

Delirium/Psychosis

A

DIMS
= drugs (withdrawal, substance use, steroid AE, lead)
= infection (meningitis, encephalitis)
= Metabolic (BG, lytes, low B12, thyroid, adrenal HTN crisis)
= Structure/Sz/ Syncope (trauma, injury, bleed, brain tumour, seizure dx)

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19
Q

Bilateral palpable kidney with pulmonary hypoplasia and HTN

A

Polycystic kidney dx

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20
Q

Nephrotic syndrome Triad

A

Edema (proteinuria > 3.5 g/24h or Pr:Cr > 250)

Low albumin

High Cholesterol

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21
Q

MUDPILES

A 
AG Met Acidosis
= Metformin, Methanol
= Uremia
= DKA
= Propylene glycol
= IEM/Iron/ Ibuprofn/ Isoniazid/ Inhalant (cyanide, carbon monoxide)
= Lactic acidosis
= Ethylene glycol
= Salicylates (aspirin)
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22
Q

Prune belly syndrome

A

Deficient abdo muscle
B/L undescended testes
GU (uretheral obstruction, VUR, hydro)

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23
Q

HSP triad

A 
Petechiae/purpua
\+ 1 of:
- arthritis
- GI (pain, V/D, intussusception)
- renal (IgA nephropathy)
- histology
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24
Q

Bartter Syn Mnemonic

A

Metabolic “Alka-LOW-sis”

high pH + Low K

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25
Q

RTA : How to remember distal versus proximal

A

Type 1= 1 letter= H issue
= I in distal before proximal= Distal tubule

Proximal is opposite= type 2 = bicarb issue.

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26
Q

Dialysis Indications

A

AEIOU

  • acidosis (severe intractable)
  • electrolytes (high persistent K)
  • Ingestion (ASA, Warfarin, Lithium, Carbamazepine)
  • Overload or not enough
  • Uremia (encephalopathy, pericarditis, bleeding, neuropathy)
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27
Q

HTN with low K persistently=

A

hyperaldosteronism

28
Q

Admission criteria for ED

A 
T < 36.1
HR < 50; < 45 asleep
BP < 80/50; orthostatic
long QT
SI
low K, phosphate, BG, Cl
liver or renal complication
failed outpatient
29
Q

Anorexia Nervosa DSM5

A

Restricted intake (leading to wt loss)

Fear of gaining weight

Disturbance in weight/shape

30
Q

Bulimia Nervosa DSM5

A

1/week x 3 months (B= put a 1 and then 3)

Binge eating (eat excessive amount + lack of control)

Compensatory behaviour (laxative, vomit, fast)

(+) Self-evaluation influenced by shape or weight

31
Q

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake DSM5 Disorder

A

Eating disturbance

Cause weight in loss OR nutritional deficiency OR dependence on enteral feed OR interfere w/ function

Not due to body image or fear of wt

Not due to other cultural or medical dx

32
Q

Gender Dysphoria DSM5

A

Incongruence between experienced gender+ assigned x 6 months.

Tx: 
no puberty= Lupron
no menses= continued OCP
masculline= T
feminize= estrogen, spironolactone
Top-Sx; bottom as adult
33
Q

Primary screening for substance abuse mnemonic

A

CRAFT

  • Car (driven or ridden along w/)
  • Relax (used to relax)
  • Alone (used alone)
  • Fam and friends tell you to cut down
  • Forgotten things while using
  • Trouble (gotten into it while using)
34
Q

List contraindication to OCP

A 
Migraine w/ aura
uncontrolled severe HTN
severe cirrhosis
DM w/ late findings
DVT, PE, hx of stroke
SLE w/ (+) antiphospholipid antibody
35
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Clinical Dx

A

lower abdo pain + 1
> adnexal tender
> uterine tender
> cervical motion tenderness

More likely if:

  • fever
  • mucopurulent d/c or WBC on saline prep
  • high ESR or CRP

Tx: Cefotriaxone x 1 + Doxy x 14d
PID compilation: chronic pelvic pain, abscess, peritonitis, infertility, fitz-hugh-syndrome

36
Q

Paediatric migraine Criteria

A

Min. 5 attack
Last 1-72 hour
H/a with: uni/bi lateral, throbbing, mod-severe pain, worse w/ activity
1 of: n/v or photo, phonophobia

37
Q

What is the med overuse h/a rule?

A

3x3

3x/week x 3 month

38
Q

Epidural hematoma shape

A

E= F
Foot ball shape= LOC -> Lucid -> Sudden GCS

versus subdural= crescent

39
Q

TS Mnemonic

A

FAT SEGA RASH

  • fibroma (ungal, angiofibroma)
  • angiomyolipoma of kidney
  • tubers (cortical dysplasia)
  • subependymal nodules -> risk of change to supependymal giant cell astrocytoma
  • retinal hamartoma
  • ash leaf (min. 3; 5 mm hypo pigmented)
  • shagreen patch
  • heart= rhabdomymoma

Minor Criteria: confetti skin, dental pit, intramural fibroma, multiple renal cyst

Confirm Dx via genetic (TSC1 or 2) OR MRI.
MRI and AUS q 1-3 year.

40
Q

Febrile Seizure age range?

A

6 mo-6 y.o.
Higher risk if 1d of DTAP or 2 week after MMR.

LP if < 12 month or meningitis.
Risk of febrile sz later= 50%
risk of epilepsy= 2% (vs. 1 % usual)

Higher risk epilepsy= FHX, abnormal neurodevelopment, complex sz (focal, > 15 minute, > 1 sz/24 hour)

41
Q

NF1 mneomonic

A

CAFEFOGS

Need min. 2 of 7

  • cafe au lait (min. 6; 5mm if prepubertal, 15mm if post pubertal)
  • axillary or inguinal freckling
  • neurofibroma
  • eye: Lisch nodule (min. 2)
  • (+) FHX
  • optic glioma
  • skeletal (cortical thinning, sphenoid dysplasia, pseudo arthroses)
42
Q

Sturge Weber Syndrome

A

SKIN- EYES-BRAIN
= port wine V1
= glaucoma
= leptomeningeal angiomas

43
Q

Breath holding spell age range

A

Remember same as febrile sz= 6 to 6
6 month- 6 y.o.

Typical 1 minute
cyanotic or pallid
link w/ Fe deficiency
100% resolve by school age

44
Q

Sinus development saying

A

Ego Means SelF
= ethmoid (air at birth)
= maxillary (present at birth but air @4)
= sphenoid (air at 5)
= frontal (air at 7-8 but not done till teens)

45
Q

AOM Criteria

A

Acute symptom (i.e. otalgia, fever)
+ Middle ear effusion (otorrhea, immobile TM)
+ Inflammation (bulging, colour TM)

if unwell or fever > 39 and otalgia or waited > 48h= treat (Amox x 5 d versus 10d if < 2y.o.)

46
Q

Tympanostomy Indications

A

Mastoiditis
Recurrent AOM with middle ear effusion
B/L otitis media > 3 mo. + hearing loss

47
Q

Absolute indication for tonsillectomy

A 
Obstruction
Hemorrhage
CA
TB
Cor pulmonale
48
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea triad

A

Sleep disruption
Hypoxemia
Daytime Sleepiness

Sequelae: pul HTN, R+ LVH, cor pulmonale

49
Q

Recurrent tonsillitis paradise criteria

A

7 in 1; 5 in 2; 3 in 3

50
Q

When to bronch a FB:

A

witnessed episode
object= peanut
P/E findings (wheeze, reduced AE, long expiration)
XR: air trapping or consolidation.

51
Q

What is an enlarged RPA/cellulitis on XR

A

soft tissue > 1X width of vertebral body
C2 > 7mm
C6 > 14 mm

52
Q

Neck mass mnemonic

A 
COIN
= congenital
= other
= infection/ inflam
= neoplasm (i.e. SCM tumour)
53
Q

Malignant node on US

A

> 1 cm
not echogenic
necrotic
high resistance index

BX if > 2 cm, neonate, firm, supraclavicular, no change x 4 week or B symptoms.

54
Q

What are the four steps in big picture management of all PID?

A

Abx - Immunoglobulin – Prophylaxis – HSCT

> Antimicrobial (Tx active infection)

> Immunoglobulin (i.e. IgG for XLA, SCID, Wiskott)

> Prophylaxis (i.e. PCP = Septra for SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich, and CGD, Hyper IgE, Leukocyte adhesion, Pen for Complement)

> Vaccinate (mening + pneumo for Complement) (think complement!)

> HSCT (for combined type SCID, Wiskott, CGD, Leukocyte Adhesion)= cellular + phagocyte!

55
Q

TIE mnemonic for which PID

A

Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
= Thrombocytopenia
= Immunodeficiency (combined; recurrent pyogenic infection)
= Eczema

56
Q

How do you remember the pattern of immunoglobulin in Wiskott-Aldrich?

A

Wiskott Whiskey
= EthAnol make Mentation go down

IgE, IgA UP
IgM down

57
Q

Neuromalignant Syndrome versus Serotonin Syndrome

A

BOTH autonomic dysf’n

NMS= Hot Lost Rigid
= temp up, altered LOC, muscle rigidity
check CK

Serotonin Syn= HARMED
= hyper-Temp
= Autonomic
= Rigid, DTR ++
= myoclonic jerk, myradiasis
= Encephalopathy
= DTR ++ or dilated pupil
58
Q

Shwachman-Diamond Triad

A

Exocrine pancreas issue (low DAEK)

Cytopenia (neutropenia esp)

Bone (metaphyseal dystosis, thoracic dystrophy, short stature)

Remember: cancer risk (AML)

59
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum. Rule of __?

A

2’s!

2y.o.
2% of population
2X M> F
2 feet proximal to ileoceccal valve
2 inches long
2 mucosa (gastric, pancreatic)

Test: Radionuclide Meckel’s (Tc99 m) scan
Tx: Sx resection

60
Q

Intussusception triad

A

Pain-Mass-Blood

Abdominal pain
Palpable Sausage shaped abdo Mass
Bloody currant jelly stool

61
Q

Celiac Association

A 
Williams
T21
Turners
T1 DM
Sjogren
Addison
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
62
Q

Pancreatitis Saying

A

GOTCHA IBD and CF

  • IBD
  • CF
  • Gallstones or biliary slide
  • Other= Meds (imuran, steroids, idiopathic)
  • Trauma
  • Ca2+
  • HSP, hyper lipid
  • Aziothioprine/Imuran
63
Q

Intrahepatic biliary atresia or butterfly vertebrae?

A

Alagille Syndrome

Broad forehead with long straight nose
Posterior embryotoxon
Conjugated bili
Butterfly vertebrae
PPHS murmur
Pancreatic insufficiency
Short
64
Q

Hep B interpretation rules

A

Any antigen= infection

C= current or chronic (core ANTIGEN is either; core antibody means chronic!)

65
Q

GIR formula

A

% dextrose x TFI / 144

66
Q

Expected survival for extreme prem BB

A

22 wk= 20% (1/2 NDD)
23 wk= 40% (1/2 NDD)
24 wk= 60% (1/3 NDD)
25 wk= 80% (1/4 NDD)

67
Q

Trisomy 18 versus 13 ways to remember?

A 
T18= Eighteen= E= Edward
"Tiny cute dysmorphic"
- Elongated skull
- Digits clenched
- Warrior or shield chest
- Apnea
- Rocker Bottom Feet
- Dysplasia feet and low IQ

T13= Patau= PPP= All midline!

  • cleft palapte
  • dysplastic ears
  • polydactyly
  • undescended testes

2019 RC 2018-2015 (6 decks)

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