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Special Constable 2020 > Mnemonics > Flashcards

Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of theft

A

Dishonestly

Appropriate

Property

Belonging to another

With the intention to permanently deprive

Not wild flora unless sold, wild animals (unless captive), land (unless dug up)

Still theft if someone finds something and keeps it without making reasonable efforts to return to its owner

Defences: honest held belief:
They would have consented
Had a legal right
Owner can’t be reasonably traced

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2
Q

Robbery

A

Steals

Immediately before or during, in order to commit theft, uses:
- force on any person

  • puts, or seeks to put any person in fear of being subjected to force then and there.

Assault in order to steal- robbery

Burglary- robbery/ theft with break of entry

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3
Q

Assault

A

One person

Intentionally or recklessly

Applies force

To another

Without their consent

Two types of assault:

1) Physical contact
2) Threats- causing another to believe they’re in immediate danger of having violence upon them.

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4
Q

Standards of professional behaviour

A

1) honesty and integrity
2) authority, respect and courtesy (treat colleagues and public with respect and respect rights of others)
3) equality and diversity
4) Use of force (PLAN)
5) orders and instructions (only carry out lawful orders)
6) duties and responsibilities (be diligent)
7) confidentiality
8) fitness for work
9) conduct
10) challenging and reporting improper behaviour

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5
Q

Custody strip search

A

Authorised by Custody Sgt/ inspector

Based on info: suspect actions, demeanour and behaviour, nature of offence

Two same sex officers, hidden from view

Juvenile requires Appropriate Adult unless urgent or they ask for no AA and sign consent

Bend, not squat

Intimate search: authorised by inspector. Done by FME, doc or nurse. Searches orifices other than mouth

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6
Q

Risk assessment:

POP

Two categories

A

POP:
people
Objects
Places

Categories:
High risk
Unknown risks

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7
Q

Powers and policy

A

Criminal law act 1967

Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

Common Law

Human Rights Act

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8
Q

National Decision Model

A

1) Gather information and intelligence:
What’s happening? What do I know? What don’t I know? Further information needed?

2) Asses threat and risk and develop a working strategy
Do I need to take action immediately? Do I need to seek more information? What could go wrong? Is the risk acceptable? Can I deal with this?

3) Consider powers and policy
Police powers or guidelines required?

4) Identify options and contingencies
Time available? Impact of potential actions? PLAN

5) Take action and review what happened
Record actions and what happened

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9
Q

5 handcuffing concepts

A

1) Safe approach
2) Touch and cuff

3) Cuffs growing out of:
Back of hand (back to back)
Front of hand (stack)

4) Check for tightness and double lock
5) Safe release (furthest arm first, maintain distance)

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10
Q

Points and blades response

A

Shout KNIFE

CUT:

C- create distance

U- Use cover

T- Transmit

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11
Q

Presenting detainee to custody officer

ROAST

A

ROAST

Reasons for the arrest

Offence arrested for

Allegation

Summary of evidence

Time and place of arrest

Don’t disclose information that may compromise the investigation

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12
Q

Arrest conditions:

Reasonable grounds

+

IDCOPPLAN

A

Reasonable grounds that offence:

  • is being
  • has been
  • maybe has been
  • about to be

Committed

+

IDCOPPLAN

Investigation

Disappearance

Child- protect child or vulnerable person

Obstruction of highway

Physical harm - to that person or others

Public decency

Loss or damage to property

Address not ascertained or provided

Name not ascertained or provided

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13
Q

Lawful action: PLAN

A

PLAN

Proportionality

Legal

Accountability

Necessary

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14
Q

Weapon retention (GUN)

A

GUN

Grab

Undo

Neutralise

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15
Q

ICRC

A

ICRC

Intervention

Calm

Report

Control

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16
Q

Common Law Self Defence

A

“A person will only be justified in using force if they have a genuine and honestly held belief that there is imminent danger

which justifies that the force being used is necessary to avert that danger.

May include pre-emptive force, preventing a breach of the peace and protection of property”

17
Q

Section 3 Criminal Law Act 1967

A

“A person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances in the prevention of crime

or in the effecting or assisting in the lawful arrest of offenders or suspected offenders or persons unlawfully at large”

18
Q

Section 117 Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984

A

“Where any provision of this act confers a power on a constable

and does not provide that the power may only be exercised with the consent of some person other than a police officer

the officer may use reasonable force if necessary, in the exercise of the power.”

19
Q

IC codes 1-6 & 9

A

1) white skinned European appearance
2) dark skinned European appearance
3) African-Caribbean appearance
4) Asian appearance e.g Indian
5) Chinese/ Japanese appearance
6) Arabic/ North African appearance
9) Unknown

20
Q

Caution after arrest

Code C PACE: “a person suspected must be cautioned before questioned about the offence or further questions if initial questions give rounds for suspicion.”

A

“You do not have to say anything

But it may harm your defence

if you do not mention when questioned

something which you later rely on in court.

Anything you do say may be given in evidence.”

21
Q

Stop and search- GOWISELY & conditions

A
  • Grounds for search
  • Object of search
  • Warrant card (if not in uniform or requested)
  • Identity of officer
  • Station to which the officer is attached
  • Entitlement to a copy of the search record (within 3 months)
  • Legal power used
  • You are detained for the purposes of a search

JOG (public search)

  • Jacket
  • Outer coat
  • Gloves

Search further:

  • out of public view for headwear and shoes
  • beyond headwear and footwear must be of same sex
  • intimate search or exposing intimate parts (strip search) only in police station.

Consensual search without grounds and legal power is illegal

“You do not have to say anything. But, it may harm your defence if you do not mention when questioned, something which you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given in evidence”

22
Q

Search powers:

S1 Police and Criminal Evidence Act

S23 Misuse of Drugs Act

S47 Firearms Act

S 139B Criminal Justice Act

S 60 Criminal Justice and Police Act

S 43, 43a, 47a Terrorism Act

A

S 1 Police and Criminal Evidence Act

For SOAP- not in a personal dwelling:

  • Stolen Articles
  • Offensive weapons
  • Articles for use in burglary/ theft
  • Prohibited items

S 23 Misuse of Drugs Act:

  • unlawful possession of a controlled drug
  • offence to obstruct
  • firearms and drug searches may be private places

S 47 Firearms Act:
- gives power of entry unlike PACE

S 139B Criminal Justice Act:
- Power to search for points and blades in schools

S 60 Criminal Justice and Police Act:
- power to search for offensive weapons or dangerous instruments. Used in volume for serious violence or to prevent widespread carriage of weapons

Terrorism Act:

  • RG to suspect to be a terrorist
  • Search person for anything which maybe evidence of being a terrorist
  • conducted by same sex
23
Q

Search after arrest (S 32 PACE)

DIE

A

At place other than a police station to search for:

  • Danger - self or others
  • Implement- aid escape
  • Evidence- any offence
24
Q

Information to give on arrest (S 28 PACE)

A
  • You are under arrest for…
  • the grounds for the arrest
  • Reason for its necessity (IDCOPPLAN)
  • give caution
  • note time of arrest
25
Q

Total victim care:

  • Defining a victim
  • 4 Met priorities
  • identify vulnerabilities and intimidation
  • regular contact
  • explaining next steps
A

Suffered harm from criminal conduct or close relative of someone who has

1) highest level of victim satisfaction
2) Consistent satisfaction across OCUs
3) Consistent satisfaction across Communities
4) Achieved through cultural change

Victim updated on regular contact, suspect arrest, suspect interviewed, suspect bailed, disposal, care closure, subject charged/ summoned

Victim care:

  • Give victim care cars with reference number
  • Secondary investigation
  • Explain notifications in future
  • give prevention advice
  • note contact methods and preferred contact
26
Q

Witness statements (ADVOKATE)

A 
A - amount of time under observation
D - distance from witness/ incident
V - visibility 
O - obstruction 
K - known/ see before
A - any reasons to remember
T - time lapse since seen suspect
E - errors/ discrepancies
27
Q

Key statistics:

Homicide rates for young black men

Crime rates for young black men

A

72% of London homicides are of young black men under 25

Young black males = 1-2% of British population; responsible for 15% of homicide rates in Britain

80% of stop and searches don’t result in anything being found

28
Q

What is CRIS?

A

Crime database holding crime reports (details of victims, informants, witnesses, suspect details, accused, relevant property, vehicle and crime details)

All crimes must be reported on CRIS even alleged crimes with ‘evidence to the contrary.’ This should be recorded within 24 hours of the report being received. Record the crime as the victim tells it unless there is credible evidence that a crime did not occur.

One crime per victim should be recorded

29
Q

CRIS codes - vulnerable victims ( VE, VB, VC)

A

Under 18= VE

Suffers from a mental disorder = VB

Impairment of intelligence/ social functions= VB

Physical disability = VC

30
Q

Types of assault:

A

Common assault

Assault with intention to resist arrest

Assault on a police constable in execution of his duty

Assault occasioning actual bodily harm

Grievous bodily harm without intent

Grievous bodily harm with intent

31
Q

What is CrimInt system?

A

Reports scanned by Intelligence Unit to identify any potential Threat, Harm, or Risk to public safety in particular vulnerable persons, and identity opportunity to detect and disrupt crime.

Used to task officers, record details of proactive operations and disseminate intelligence to partner agencies

Police National Database uploads information from CrimInt to the PND

32
Q

What is anti-social behaviour (ASB)?

A

“Behaviour by a person which causes, or is likely to cause, harassment, alarm or distress to one or more other persons not of the same household as the person.”- can also involve disruption to a residential premises

ASB must be recorded as this can lead to trauma and potentially suicide for victims (Fiona Pilkington)

AirSpace is the MPS system for recording and managing ASB

33
Q

Radio systems :

Sepura handset?

Automatic Personal Location System (APLS)

A

Sepura:,Radio system using airwaves

Might not work in vehicles, buildings or underground. Vehicle gateway can compensate.

APLS:
Enables the identification of the approximate location of radio handsets through the Global Positioning System (GPS) present in Airwave handsets. Unlikely to work in buildings or overhead cover. Need to be booked on CARM for this to work.

34
Q

Defining rape

Initial response

Rape stakeholders

A
  • penetration in any orifice
  • victim does not consent
  • perpetrator does not believe the victim consents

Drug assisted rape is where alcohol or drugs are intentionally administered to the victim before committing a rape

Initial response:

  • ensure medical and welfare needs are Met
  • Record initial account (basic questions at this stage)
  • circulate information on perpretragor
  • protect the crime scenes
  • preserve forensic evidence (use Early Evidence Kits)- you and victim wear two layers of gloves
  • identify witnesses

Range of forensic evidence:
Urine collection, mouth swab, mouth rinse, faces and sanitary wear collection, condom, nail clippings, nail swab, skin swab

Victim
Initial officer
Suspect
Witness/ victim immediate contacts
SOIT officers
Independent Sexual Violence Advisors (ISVAs)
Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)
Support agencies
35
Q

Anti-social behaviour formal interventions:

Civil injunction

Criminal behaviour order (CBO)

Dispersal powers

Community protection notice (CPN)

Public Spaces Protection Order (PSPO)

Closure Powers

Absolute ground for possession

A

Civil injunction- civil power to stop a person’s ASB escalating and set a clear standard of behaviour. Can include prohibitions and positive requirements.

Criminal behaviour order (CBO)- court order to tackle ASB which is applied following a conviction of any criminal offence. Can include prohibitions and positive requirements.

Dispersal powers- power to direct a person to leave a specific location for up to 48 hours if authorised by a police inspector or above

Community protection notice (CPN)- notice to stop persistently anti-social individuals, businesses or organisations. Can include requirements to stop or do things or take steps to avoid further ASB.

Public spaces protection order (PSPO)- Order designed to protect public spaces from persistently anti-social individuals or groups. Can include reasonable restrictions and requirements.

Closure powers- power to close premises for up to 48 hours out of court (closure notice) or up to 6 months via the court (closure order).

Absolute ground for possession- Power which offers protection and faster relief to victims by quickly evicting the most anti-social tenants

Special Constable 2020 (1 decks)

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