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Year 3 Medicine > Mnemonics > Flashcards

Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Hep B at risk groups

A

The six H’s

Health workers
Heroin (or other IV drug users)
Haemophiliacs
Homosexuals
Haemodialysis
Those in homes (institutions)
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2
Q

Signs of arterial thrombus

A

6 P’s

Pale or pallor
Painful
Pulseless
Paralysed
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold
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3
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

Those giant gonads prolong the action

TSH
GH
Gonadotrophins (LH/FSH)
Prolactin
ACTH
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4
Q

Features of melanoma

A

ABCD Bitches

Asymmetry
Border (notched, indistinct or ulcerated)
Colour (increasingly variegated, especially black or grey)
Depth

Bleeding
Itching (persistent)
Tethering
Colour
Halo
Eczema-like features
Size (rapidly increasing) or satellites
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5
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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6
Q

Potassium effect on ecg

A

No pot no T

Flattened T waves

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7
Q

Cranial nerve eye muscles

A

SO4 LR6

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8
Q

TB treatment

A

r i p e

Triple therapy: rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide.
Also ethambutol

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9
Q

Beta receptors

A

You have one heart (beta-1) and two lungs (beta-2)

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10
Q

Phaeo

A 
10% are multiple
10% malignant
10% adrenal bilateral
10% extra adrenal
10% familial
10% in children
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11
Q

Diastolic murmurs

A

d a i m s

Diastolic
Aortic
Incompetence and
Mitral stenosis

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12
Q

Inguinal dermatome innervation

A

1nguinaL

L1

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13
Q

Mononeuritis multiplex

A

s c a l d

Sarcoid
Ca
Arteritis
Leprosy
Diabetes
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14
Q

Assessing optic nerve

A

a f r o

Acuity
Fields
Reflexes
Optic disc

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15
Q

Cerebellar signs

A

d a n i s h

Dysdiadokinesia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor 3 Hz
Speech (scanning/staccato)
Hypotonia
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16
Q

Petit mal treatment

A

Don’t use phenytoin, primidone or phenobarbitone (3 p’s)

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17
Q

Acromegaly symptoms and signs

A

a b c d e f g h i j

Arthropathy
Big boggy hands
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Diabetes
Enlarged tongue, heart and throat
Fields (bitemporal hemianopia)
Gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea and greasy skin
Hypertension
Increasing size of shoes, hat, gloves, dentures and rings
Jaw enlarged, prognathism
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18
Q

Causes of peripheral neuropathy

A

a b c d e

Alcohol
B12
CRF and Ca
Diabetes and drugs
Every vasculitis
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19
Q

Branches of the facial nerve

A

Two zebras buggered my cat

Temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical

20
Q

Pancreatitis investigations

A

O, claw gut

Oxygen - blood gases
Ca
LDH
Amylase
WCC
Glucose
Urea
Transaminase
21
Q

Heart sounds order

A

MighTy APe

First heart sound (S1) is M1 then T1 closure
First heart sound (S1) is A2 then P2 closure

22
Q

Abdominal distension causes

A

A flatulent fat foetus floats in fluid faeces

23
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism / hypocalcaemia

A

10 C’s

Ca down
Cramps
Carpo-pedal spasm
Chvostek’s sign
Convulsions
Cataracts
Dental cavities
Crazy
Cardiac arrhythmias
Cranial pressure rises
24
Q

Armpit dermatome innervation

A

Armp1T

T1

25
Q

Signs of crohn’s on x ray

A

c r o h n s

Cobblestone appearance of mucosa
Rose-thorn ulcers
Obstruction of bowel
Hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes
Narrowing of lumen
Skip lesions (/sarcoid foci/steatorrhoea)
26
Q

Gallstones type of patient

A

5 F’s

Fair
Fat
Female
Forty
Fertile
27
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism / hypercalcaemia

A

Bones, stones, moans and abdominal groans

28
Q

DM complications

A

k n i v e s

Kidney
Neuromuscular
Infective
Vascular
Eye
Skin
29
Q

Causes of hypertension

A

c r e e p

Coarctation of aorta
Renal
Endocrine
Eclampsia or essential
Pill or phaeo
30
Q

Carcinoid symptoms and signs

A

c a r c i n o i d

Cyanosis
Asthma
Rubor
Cor pulmonale
Incompetent tricuspid or pulmonary valve
Noisy abdomen
Oedema
Indoles in stools
Diarrhorea
31
Q

Signs of mitral stenosis

A

a p r i l

Dominant a wave of JVP (unless in AF)
Pulmonary valve loud S2
R ventricular hypertrophy
Incompetence (ie. pulmonary - rare)
Low peripheral arterial pulse volume
32
Q

Pancreatitis causes

A

g e t s m a s h e d

Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion bites
Hyperlipidaemia
Drugs
33
Q

Leg dermatomes

A 
You stand on S1
Lie on S2
Sit on S3
Wipe S4
Poke S5 (PR)
34
Q

Surgical seive

A

Vitamin C Dip

Vascular
Infective
Trauma
Allergy or immunological
Metabolic or endocrine
Iatrogenic
Neoplastic
Congenital
Degenerative
Idiopathic
Psychogenic
35
Q

Causes of abnormal gait

A

All patients spending cash see proper doctors

Apraxia / ataxia
Parkinsonism
Spasticity
Cerebellar ataxia
Sensory deficit
Proximal myopathy
Distal myopathy
36
Q

Time of onset of rash after prodrome

A

Really sick people must take no exercise

Day 1. Rubella

  1. Scarletina
  2. Smallpox
  3. Measles
  4. Typhoid
  5. None
  6. Enteric fever
37
Q

Reflex nerves

A

Ankle S1, 2
Knee L3, 4
Biceps C5, 6
Triceps C7, 8

38
Q

DKA management

A

p a n i c s

Potassium
Aspirate stomach (NG tube)
Normal saline
Insulin infusion
Catheterise and cultures (MSU and blood)
Subcutaneous heparin
39
Q

Bundle branch block on ecg

A

William marrow

LBBB: W shaped complex in V1 and sometimes an M shaped complex in V6.
RBBB: M in V1 and sometimes W in V6

40
Q

Nipple sensation innervation

A

T4 for tits

41
Q

Types of exudate

A

Ham, Sir? Remember cats prefer fish

Haemorrhagic
Serous
Membranous
Catarrhal
Purulent
Fibrinous
42
Q

Pemphigus vs pemphigoid

A

PemphiguS is superficial

PemphigoiD is deep

43
Q

Criteria for acute rheumatic fever

A

Noodles and curry on Arthur’s red cardigan

Nodules
Chorea
Arthritis
Erythema
Carditis
44
Q

HLA-B27 diseases

A

Hil-Billies colliding sore anoles are irate

HLA-B27
Colitis
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter’s
Iritis (with the reiter’s)
45
Q

Causes of clubbing

A

Carcinoma: eg. Lung or stomach.
Cardiac: bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Cervical rib (causing neurovascular compression syndrome in upper limb).
Chest: CF, empyema, bronchiectasis, TB (with extensive fibrosis), fibrosing alveolitis, lung abcess.
Circulation: eg. AV fistula in arm (dialysis).
Cirrhosis.
Colonic: crohn’s, UC, coeliac.
Congenital.

Year 3 Medicine (5 decks)

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