Mnemonics Flashcards
Hep B at risk groups
The six H’s
Health workers Heroin (or other IV drug users) Haemophiliacs Homosexuals Haemodialysis Those in homes (institutions)
Signs of arterial thrombus
6 P’s
Pale or pallor Painful Pulseless Paralysed Paraesthesia Perishingly cold
Anterior pituitary hormones
Those giant gonads prolong the action
TSH GH Gonadotrophins (LH/FSH) Prolactin ACTH
Features of melanoma
ABCD Bitches
Asymmetry
Border (notched, indistinct or ulcerated)
Colour (increasingly variegated, especially black or grey)
Depth
Bleeding Itching (persistent) Tethering Colour Halo Eczema-like features Size (rapidly increasing) or satellites
Fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
Potassium effect on ecg
No pot no T
Flattened T waves
Cranial nerve eye muscles
SO4 LR6
TB treatment
r i p e
Triple therapy: rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide.
Also ethambutol
Beta receptors
You have one heart (beta-1) and two lungs (beta-2)
Phaeo
10% are multiple 10% malignant 10% adrenal bilateral 10% extra adrenal 10% familial 10% in children
Diastolic murmurs
d a i m s
Diastolic
Aortic
Incompetence and
Mitral stenosis
Inguinal dermatome innervation
1nguinaL
L1
Mononeuritis multiplex
s c a l d
Sarcoid Ca Arteritis Leprosy Diabetes
Assessing optic nerve
a f r o
Acuity
Fields
Reflexes
Optic disc
Cerebellar signs
d a n i s h
Dysdiadokinesia Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor 3 Hz Speech (scanning/staccato) Hypotonia
Petit mal treatment
Don’t use phenytoin, primidone or phenobarbitone (3 p’s)
Acromegaly symptoms and signs
a b c d e f g h i j
Arthropathy Big boggy hands Carpal tunnel syndrome Diabetes Enlarged tongue, heart and throat Fields (bitemporal hemianopia) Gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea and greasy skin Hypertension Increasing size of shoes, hat, gloves, dentures and rings Jaw enlarged, prognathism
Causes of peripheral neuropathy
a b c d e
Alcohol B12 CRF and Ca Diabetes and drugs Every vasculitis
Branches of the facial nerve
Two zebras buggered my cat
Temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical
Pancreatitis investigations
O, claw gut
Oxygen - blood gases Ca LDH Amylase WCC Glucose Urea Transaminase
Heart sounds order
MighTy APe
First heart sound (S1) is M1 then T1 closure
First heart sound (S1) is A2 then P2 closure
Abdominal distension causes
A flatulent fat foetus floats in fluid faeces
Secondary hyperparathyroidism / hypocalcaemia
10 C’s
Ca down Cramps Carpo-pedal spasm Chvostek’s sign Convulsions Cataracts Dental cavities Crazy Cardiac arrhythmias Cranial pressure rises
Armpit dermatome innervation
Armp1T
T1
Signs of crohn’s on x ray
c r o h n s
Cobblestone appearance of mucosa Rose-thorn ulcers Obstruction of bowel Hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes Narrowing of lumen Skip lesions (/sarcoid foci/steatorrhoea)
Gallstones type of patient
5 F’s
Fair Fat Female Forty Fertile
Primary hyperparathyroidism / hypercalcaemia
Bones, stones, moans and abdominal groans
DM complications
k n i v e s
Kidney Neuromuscular Infective Vascular Eye Skin
Causes of hypertension
c r e e p
Coarctation of aorta Renal Endocrine Eclampsia or essential Pill or phaeo
Carcinoid symptoms and signs
c a r c i n o i d
Cyanosis Asthma Rubor Cor pulmonale Incompetent tricuspid or pulmonary valve Noisy abdomen Oedema Indoles in stools Diarrhorea
Signs of mitral stenosis
a p r i l
Dominant a wave of JVP (unless in AF) Pulmonary valve loud S2 R ventricular hypertrophy Incompetence (ie. pulmonary - rare) Low peripheral arterial pulse volume
Pancreatitis causes
g e t s m a s h e d
Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion bites Hyperlipidaemia Drugs
Leg dermatomes
You stand on S1 Lie on S2 Sit on S3 Wipe S4 Poke S5 (PR)
Surgical seive
Vitamin C Dip
Vascular Infective Trauma Allergy or immunological Metabolic or endocrine Iatrogenic Neoplastic Congenital Degenerative Idiopathic Psychogenic
Causes of abnormal gait
All patients spending cash see proper doctors
Apraxia / ataxia Parkinsonism Spasticity Cerebellar ataxia Sensory deficit Proximal myopathy Distal myopathy
Time of onset of rash after prodrome
Really sick people must take no exercise
Day 1. Rubella
- Scarletina
- Smallpox
- Measles
- Typhoid
- None
- Enteric fever
Reflex nerves
Ankle S1, 2
Knee L3, 4
Biceps C5, 6
Triceps C7, 8
DKA management
p a n i c s
Potassium Aspirate stomach (NG tube) Normal saline Insulin infusion Catheterise and cultures (MSU and blood) Subcutaneous heparin
Bundle branch block on ecg
William marrow
LBBB: W shaped complex in V1 and sometimes an M shaped complex in V6.
RBBB: M in V1 and sometimes W in V6
Nipple sensation innervation
T4 for tits
Types of exudate
Ham, Sir? Remember cats prefer fish
Haemorrhagic Serous Membranous Catarrhal Purulent Fibrinous
Pemphigus vs pemphigoid
PemphiguS is superficial
PemphigoiD is deep
Criteria for acute rheumatic fever
Noodles and curry on Arthur’s red cardigan
Nodules Chorea Arthritis Erythema Carditis
HLA-B27 diseases
Hil-Billies colliding sore anoles are irate
HLA-B27 Colitis Psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis Reiter’s Iritis (with the reiter’s)
Causes of clubbing
Carcinoma: eg. Lung or stomach.
Cardiac: bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Cervical rib (causing neurovascular compression syndrome in upper limb).
Chest: CF, empyema, bronchiectasis, TB (with extensive fibrosis), fibrosing alveolitis, lung abcess.
Circulation: eg. AV fistula in arm (dialysis).
Cirrhosis.
Colonic: crohn’s, UC, coeliac.
Congenital.
