Mnemonics

Question 1

Hep B at risk groups

Answer 1

The six H’s

Health workers
Heroin (or other IV drug users)
Haemophiliacs
Homosexuals
Haemodialysis
Those in homes (institutions)

Question 2

Signs of arterial thrombus

Answer 2

6 P’s

Pale or pallor
Painful
Pulseless
Paralysed
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold

Question 3

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 3

Those giant gonads prolong the action

TSH
GH
Gonadotrophins (LH/FSH)
Prolactin
ACTH

Question 4

Features of melanoma

Answer 4

ABCD Bitches

Asymmetry
Border (notched, indistinct or ulcerated)
Colour (increasingly variegated, especially black or grey)
Depth

Bleeding
Itching (persistent)
Tethering
Colour
Halo
Eczema-like features
Size (rapidly increasing) or satellites

Question 5

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 5

ADEK

Question 6

Potassium effect on ecg

Answer 6

No pot no T

Flattened T waves

Question 7

Cranial nerve eye muscles

Answer 7

SO4 LR6

Question 8

TB treatment

Answer 8

r i p e

Triple therapy: rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide.
Also ethambutol

Question 9

Beta receptors

Answer 9

You have one heart (beta-1) and two lungs (beta-2)

Question 10

Phaeo

Answer 10

10% are multiple
10% malignant
10% adrenal bilateral
10% extra adrenal
10% familial
10% in children

Question 11

Diastolic murmurs

Answer 11

d a i m s

Diastolic
Aortic
Incompetence and
Mitral stenosis

Question 12

Inguinal dermatome innervation

Answer 12

1nguinaL

L1

Question 13

Mononeuritis multiplex

Answer 13

s c a l d

Sarcoid
Ca
Arteritis
Leprosy
Diabetes

Question 14

Assessing optic nerve

Answer 14

a f r o

Acuity
Fields
Reflexes
Optic disc

Question 15

Cerebellar signs

Answer 15

d a n i s h

Dysdiadokinesia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor 3 Hz
Speech (scanning/staccato)
Hypotonia

Question 16

Petit mal treatment

Answer 16

Don’t use phenytoin, primidone or phenobarbitone (3 p’s)

Question 17

Acromegaly symptoms and signs

Answer 17

a b c d e f g h i j

Arthropathy
Big boggy hands
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Diabetes
Enlarged tongue, heart and throat
Fields (bitemporal hemianopia)
Gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea and greasy skin
Hypertension
Increasing size of shoes, hat, gloves, dentures and rings
Jaw enlarged, prognathism

Question 18

Causes of peripheral neuropathy

Answer 18

a b c d e

Alcohol
B12
CRF and Ca
Diabetes and drugs
Every vasculitis

Question 19

Branches of the facial nerve

Answer 19

Two zebras buggered my cat

Temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical

Question 20

Pancreatitis investigations

Answer 20

O, claw gut

Oxygen - blood gases
Ca
LDH
Amylase
WCC
Glucose
Urea
Transaminase

Question 21

Heart sounds order

Answer 21

MighTy APe

First heart sound (S1) is M1 then T1 closure
First heart sound (S1) is A2 then P2 closure

Question 22

Abdominal distension causes

Answer 22

A flatulent fat foetus floats in fluid faeces

Question 23

Secondary hyperparathyroidism / hypocalcaemia

Answer 23

10 C’s

Ca down
Cramps
Carpo-pedal spasm
Chvostek’s sign
Convulsions
Cataracts
Dental cavities
Crazy
Cardiac arrhythmias
Cranial pressure rises

Question 24

Armpit dermatome innervation

Answer 24

Armp1T

T1

Question 25

Signs of crohn’s on x ray

Answer 25

c r o h n s ``` Cobblestone appearance of mucosa Rose-thorn ulcers Obstruction of bowel Hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes Narrowing of lumen Skip lesions (/sarcoid foci/steatorrhoea) ```

Question 26

Gallstones type of patient

Answer 26

5 F’s ``` Fair Fat Female Forty Fertile ```

Question 27

Primary hyperparathyroidism / hypercalcaemia

Answer 27

Bones, stones, moans and abdominal groans

Question 28

DM complications

Answer 28

k n i v e s ``` Kidney Neuromuscular Infective Vascular Eye Skin ```

Question 29

Causes of hypertension

Answer 29

c r e e p ``` Coarctation of aorta Renal Endocrine Eclampsia or essential Pill or phaeo ```

Question 30

Carcinoid symptoms and signs

Answer 30

c a r c i n o i d ``` Cyanosis Asthma Rubor Cor pulmonale Incompetent tricuspid or pulmonary valve Noisy abdomen Oedema Indoles in stools Diarrhorea ```

Question 31

Signs of mitral stenosis

Answer 31

a p r i l ``` Dominant a wave of JVP (unless in AF) Pulmonary valve loud S2 R ventricular hypertrophy Incompetence (ie. pulmonary - rare) Low peripheral arterial pulse volume ```

Question 32

Pancreatitis causes

Answer 32

g e t s m a s h e d ``` Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion bites Hyperlipidaemia Drugs ```

Question 33

Leg dermatomes

Answer 33

``` You stand on S1 Lie on S2 Sit on S3 Wipe S4 Poke S5 (PR) ```

Question 34

Surgical seive

Answer 34

Vitamin C Dip ``` Vascular Infective Trauma Allergy or immunological Metabolic or endocrine Iatrogenic Neoplastic Congenital Degenerative Idiopathic Psychogenic ```

Question 35

Causes of abnormal gait

Answer 35

All patients spending cash see proper doctors ``` Apraxia / ataxia Parkinsonism Spasticity Cerebellar ataxia Sensory deficit Proximal myopathy Distal myopathy ```

Question 36

Time of onset of rash after prodrome

Answer 36

Really sick people must take no exercise Day 1. Rubella 2. Scarletina 3. Smallpox 4. Measles 5. Typhoid 6. None 7. Enteric fever

Question 37

Reflex nerves

Answer 37

Ankle S1, 2 Knee L3, 4 Biceps C5, 6 Triceps C7, 8

Question 38

DKA management

Answer 38

p a n i c s ``` Potassium Aspirate stomach (NG tube) Normal saline Insulin infusion Catheterise and cultures (MSU and blood) Subcutaneous heparin ```

Question 39

Bundle branch block on ecg

Answer 39

William marrow LBBB: W shaped complex in V1 and sometimes an M shaped complex in V6. RBBB: M in V1 and sometimes W in V6

Question 40

Nipple sensation innervation

Answer 40

T4 for tits

Question 41

Types of exudate

Answer 41

Ham, Sir? Remember cats prefer fish ``` Haemorrhagic Serous Membranous Catarrhal Purulent Fibrinous ```

Question 42

Pemphigus vs pemphigoid

Answer 42

PemphiguS is superficial | PemphigoiD is deep

Question 43

Criteria for acute rheumatic fever

Answer 43

Noodles and curry on Arthur’s red cardigan ``` Nodules Chorea Arthritis Erythema Carditis ```

Question 44

HLA-B27 diseases

Answer 44

Hil-Billies colliding sore anoles are irate ``` HLA-B27 Colitis Psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis Reiter’s Iritis (with the reiter’s) ```

Question 45

Causes of clubbing

Answer 45

Carcinoma: eg. Lung or stomach. Cardiac: bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease. Cervical rib (causing neurovascular compression syndrome in upper limb). Chest: CF, empyema, bronchiectasis, TB (with extensive fibrosis), fibrosing alveolitis, lung abcess. Circulation: eg. AV fistula in arm (dialysis). Cirrhosis. Colonic: crohn’s, UC, coeliac. Congenital.