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First Aid 2016: Vitamins > mnemonics > Flashcards

mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

psammoma bodies

A

Papillary cx of thyroid

Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary

Meningioma

Malignant mesothelioma

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2
Q

CYP 450

substrates

inhibitors

inducers

A

substrates:“always think when outside”

  • antiepileptics
  • theophylline
  • warfarin
  • OTCs

inducers: chronic alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen and Never Refuse Greasy Carbs

  • chronic alcohol abuse
  • St John’s wort
  • pheytoin
  • phenobarbital
  • nevirapine
  • rifampin
  • griseofulvin
  • carbamazepine

inhibitors: “AAA RACCKS IN GQ Magazine”

  • acute alcohol abuse
  • ritonavir
  • amiodarone
  • cimetidine/ciprofloxacin
  • ketoconazole
  • sulfonamides
  • INH
  • grapefruit juice
  • quinidine
  • macrolides (except azithromycin)
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3
Q

tuberous sclerosis

A

HAMARTOMA

  • Hamartomas
  • Angiomyolipoma (kidney)
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Adenoma sebaceum
  • Rhabdomyoma (cardiac)
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • autosomal dOminant
  • Mental retardation
  • Ash leaf spots
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4
Q

AG gap metabolic acidosis

A

MUDPILES

  • methanol (formic acid)
  • uric acid
  • DKA
  • polyethylene glycol
  • INH, iron
  • lactic acid
  • ethylene glycol
  • salicylates (late)
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5
Q

nonAG gap metabolic acidosis

A

HARDASS

  • hyperalimentation (artificial supply of nutrients)
  • Addison’s disease (adrenal insuff)
  • renal tubule acidosis
  • diarrhea
  • acetazolamide
  • spironolactone
  • saline infusion
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6
Q

diGeorge syndrome

A

CATCH22

chromosome 22q11 microdeletion = non devpt of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

  • cardiac abnormalities
  • abnormal facies
  • thymic hypoplasia
  • cleft palate
  • hypocalcemia (bc undeveloped parathyroid glands)
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7
Q

SLE

A

SOAP BRAIN MD

  • Serositis such pleuritis or pericarditis
  • Oral ulcers
  • Arthritis (usually oligo or polyarticular)
  • Photosensitivity
  • Blood disorders: namely hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia
  • Renal involvement with nephrotic picture
  • Anti nuclear antibodies in 95% of patients
  • Immunologic abnormalities such as Anti-Sm, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-phospholipid, postive syphilis serology
  • Neurologic: mainly seizure and psychosis
  • Malar rash
  • Discoid rash
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8
Q

neural crest cell derivatives

A

CA MOTEL PASS

Craniofacial struct. (skull)
Arachnoid, pia

Melanocytes
Odontoblasts
Tracheal cartilage
Enterochromaffin cells: adrenal medulla
Laryngeal cartilage

Parafollicular cells / Pseudounipolar cells
All ganglia - Dorsal root Ganglion, celiac ganglia
Schwann cells
Spiral septum- Aorticopulm.

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9
Q

aortic arch derivatives

A

1: part of maxillary a
2: part of stapedial a/hyoid a
3: common carotid, part of ICA

4:

  • L: aortic arch
  • R: proximal R subclavian a

6:

  • prox pulmo a.
  • ductus arteriosis
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10
Q

pharyngeal arch/pouch derivatives

A
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11
Q

branchial apparatus and derivatives

A

CAP outside to inside

  • clefts: ectoderm
  • arch: mesoderm + neural crest
  • pouches: endoderm

cleft1: external auditory meatus

cleft2-4: TEMPORARY cervical sinuses (later obliterated by 2nd arch prolif)

1st arch:

  • maxillary process, mandibular process, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament
  • muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter. lat/med pterygoids), mylohyoid…
  • CN V2, V3

2nd arch:

  • stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament
  • muscles of facial exp, stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma, post belly of digastric
  • CN VII

3rd arch:

  • greater horn of hyoid
  • stylopharyngeus
  • CN IX

4th-6th arches:

  • arytenoids, cricoid, corniculate, cuneiform, thyroid
  • cartilage
    • 4th: pharygeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
    • 6th: all intrinsic muscle of larynx except cricothyroid
  • nerves
    • 4th: CN X (sup laryngeal branch)
    • 6th: CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)
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12
Q

cancer markers

A
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13
Q

cancer translocations

A

9;22 : Philadelphia chromosome

  • CML
  • adult ALL

15;17 : RAR : AML M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia)

12;21 : preB ALL

14;18 : Bcl2 : follicular lymphoma

11;14 : cyclin D1 : mantle cell lymphoma

8;14 : c-myc : Burkitt lymphoma

3;14 : BCL6 : diffuse large cell lymphoma (?????)

11;22 : EWS-FLI1 : Ewing’s sarcoma

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14
Q

factors affecting SV

factors affecting myocardial oxygen consumption

A

SV CAP

  • contractility
  • afterload
  • preload

O2 CATH

  • contractility
  • afterload
  • tension (Pr/2thickness)
  • HR
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15
Q

drug induced long QT

A

ABCDE

anti…

  • arrhythmics (IA, III)
  • biotics (macrolides)
  • “c”ychotics (haloperidol, high potency FGAs)
  • depressants (TCA - binding to Na channels, tx with sodium bicarb)
  • emetics (odansetron)
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16
Q

alveolar gas equation

A

PAO2 = 150 - PaCO2/0.8

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17
Q

acute resp distress syndrome

A

SPARTAS

acute onset resp failure with bilateral lung opacities

formation of intra alv hyaline membranes

  • sepsis
  • pancreatitis
  • pneumonia
  • aspiration
  • uRemia
  • trauma
  • amniotic fluid embolism
  • shock
18
Q

mesothelioma

A
  • asbestosis
  • psammoma bodies
  • cytokeratin and calretinin positive (neg in most carcinomas)
  • smoking NOT rick factor

bronchogenic carcinoma much more likely than mesothelioma!

19
Q

lung cancer

complications

squamous/small cell associations

key metastases (no mnem)

A

complications

  • SVC syndrome
  • Pancoast tumor
  • Horner’s syndrome
  • endocrine/paraneoplastic syndromes
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve comp - hoarseness
  • effusions (pleural, pericardial)

squamous/small cell carcinomas are SENTRAL, SMOKING-assoc

metastases

  • to: adrenal, brain, bone, liver
  • from: breast, colon, prostate, bladder
20
Q

HACEK

A

negative blood cultures but endocarditis

  • Haemophilus
  • Actinobacillus
  • Cardiobacterium
  • Eikenella
  • Kingella
21
Q

catalase + organisms

A

Cats need SPACCES to Belch their Hairballs

  • asdfasdf
22
Q

cortisol functions

A

bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin

BIGFIB

  • blood pressure INCREASE
    • upreg alpha1 receptors and increases sensitivity to NE/epi
    • high conc? bind MC receptors (ex. glycerrhetic acid blocking degradation of cortisol to cortisone!)
  • insulin resistance INCREASE (no anabolism)
  • gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis INCREASE(catabolism instead)
  • fibroblast activity DECREASE
    • striae
  • inflammation, immune response DECREASE
    • inhibits prod of leukotrines, prostaglandins
    • impairs WBC adhesion - neutrophilia
    • blocks histamine release from mast cells
    • reduction in eosinophils
    • blocks IL2 prod
  • bone formation DECREASE
    • decr osteoblast activity
23
Q

functions of T3

A

most TH is T4, converted by 5’ deiodinase to T3

4Bs

  • bone growth
  • brain maturation
  • beta adrenergic effects
    • (increases B1 receptors in heart)
  • basal metabolic rate INCREASE
    • incr Na/K ATPase activity, increased catabolism to keep it running
24
Q

functions of pharyngeal arch nerves

A

when at restaurant of golden ARCHes, first CHEW, then SMILE, then SWALLOW STYLishly. then SIMPLY SWALLOW, then SPEAK

arches:

1: V2, V3 - muscles of masication
2: VII - muscles of facial expression
3: IX - stylopharyngeus
4: X - sup laryngeal branch (regular swallow)
6: X - recurrent laryngeal

25
Q

branchial pouch derivatives

A

ear, tonsils, bottom to top

1st: middle ear carity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cels
2nd: epi lining of palatine tonsils
3rd: dorsal - INFERIOR parathyroids, ventral - THYMUS
4th: dorsal - SUPERIOR parathyroids, ventral - ultimobranchial body, parafollicular C cells of thyroid

26
Q

meiosis halt/pause

A

Prophase I till ovulation

Metaphase II till fertilization

27
Q

“extra” association

HSV

mumps

A

HSV: esophagitis

mumps: pancreatitis

28
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER

  • SVC/aorta
  • esophagus
  • duodenum (2-4)
  • pancreas (all but head)
  • colon (asc and desc)
  • rectum
  • kidneys
  • suprarenals (adrenals)
  • ureters
29
Q

VIPoma syndrome

A

WDHA

watery diarrhea

hypokalemia

achlorhydria

30
Q

Parkinsons sx

A

TRAPS

tremor

rigidity (cogwheel)

akinesia/bradykinesia

postural instability

staggering gait

ALSO: alpha synuclein (Lewy body dementia)

31
Q

brain waves during sleep

A

BATS drink blood (at night)

awake (open) - beta

awake (closed) - alpha

nonREM

  • N1 - theta
  • N2 - sleep spindles/K complexes
  • N3 - delta

REM - beta

32
Q

5 neurotransmitters and locations

A
  1. DA: SNpc, ventral tegmentum, arctuate nucleus (tuberoinfundibular path)
  2. ACh: nucleus basalis of Meynert
  3. 5HT: raphe nucleus
  4. NE: locus ceruleus
  5. GABA: nucleus accumbens
33
Q

Kawasaki sx

A

younger kids

CRASH and burn

  • conjunctivitis
  • rash (body, hands and feet)
  • arthritis
  • strawberry tongue
  • HANDS

plus fever

plus coronary vasospasm risk for MI!

IVIG and aspirin

34
Q

ICE tie

A

internal spermatic fascia : transversalis fascia

cremasteric muscle : internal oblique

external spermatic fascia : external oblique

35
Q

SLE hypersensitivities

type II

type III

A

II : ab against blood cells = pancytopenia

III : immune complex deposition = RPGN (diffuse)

36
Q

transition cell carcinoma

A

P SAC

phenacetin

smoking

aniline dyes

cyclophosphamide

37
Q

catalase + bacteria

A

cats: Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs

catalase +

  • Nocardia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Listeria
  • Aspergillus
  • Candida
  • Serratia
  • Staph
  • B cepacia
  • H pylori
38
Q

encapsulated bacteria

A

Please SHiNE my SK(i)S

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus Influenza type b

Neisseria meningitidis

E. coli

Salmonella

Klebsiella pneumoniae

groep b Streptococcen

39
Q

speed of cardiac conduction

sites of SA and AV nodes

A

“Park AT VENTura AVe”

Purkinje > atrial fibers > ventricular fibers > AV node

SA node: RA wall near SVC

AV node: interatrial septum near tricuspid orifice

40
Q

Osler Weber Rendu

A

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

AD

hypermic vessels that blanch on push

telangiectasias

recurrent epistaxis

skin discoloration

AVM

GI bleeds

hematuria

41
Q

Sturge Weber syndrome

A

congenital vasc disorder

PORT WINE STAIN (nevus flammeus, in V1 or V2 distribution)

GNAQ somatic mosaic mutation

assoc with:

  • leptomeningeal angioma; usually ipsilateral to port wine stain
  • seizures
  • capillary-venous malformation
  • intellectual disability
  • behavioral problems
  • ophthalmologic involvement
  • glaucoma
  • visual field defect
42
Q
A

First Aid 2016: Vitamins (2 decks)

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