MNEMONICS

Question 1

Civil Procedure

Answer 1

Civil Procedure
Major Subject: Civil Procedure

Mnemonic: “Just Plead Discovery”
Key Topics:

Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “Just”

Subtopics:
Personal Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “People Love Fun” (Purposeful Availment, Minimum Contacts, Fairness)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “FAD” (Federal Question, Amount in Controversy, Diversity)
Supplementary Jurisdiction - Federal Question, Ride on State claim, overcoming amount in controversy, but never can overcome lack of diversity if diversity case.
Pleadings - Mnemonic: “Plead”

Subtopics:
Complaint - Mnemonic: “SDS” (Statement of Jurisdiction, Statement of Claim, Demand for Relief)
Answer - Mnemonic: “ADD” (Admissions, Denials, Defenses)
Discovery - Mnemonic: “Discovery”

Subtopics:
Types of Discovery - Mnemonic: “DIR” (Depositions, Interrogatories, Requests for Production)
Scope and Limits - Mnemonic: “RPP” (Relevance, Privilege, Proportionality)

Question 2

Jurisdiction

Answer 2

Jurisdiction

Subtopics:
Personal Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “People Love Fun” (Purposeful Availment, Minimum Contacts, Fairness)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “FAD” (Federal Question, Amount in Controversy, Diversity)

Question 3

Pleadings

Answer 3

Pleadings - Mnemonic: “Plead”

Subtopics:
Complaint - Mnemonic: “SDS” (Statement of Jurisdiction, Statement of Claim, Demand for Relief)
Answer - Mnemonic: “ADD” (Admissions, Denials, Defenses)

Question 4

Discovery

Answer 4

Discovery - Mnemonic: “Discovery”

Subtopics:
Types of Discovery - Mnemonic: “DIR” (Depositions, Interrogatories, Requests for Production)
Scope and Limits - Mnemonic: “RPP” (Relevance, Privilege, Proportionality)

Question 5

Constitutional Law

Answer 5

Constitutional Law
Major Subject: Constitutional Law

Mnemonic: “SEP ARTS”
Key Topics:

Separation of Powers - Mnemonic: “SEP”

Subtopics:
Legislative Power - Mnemonic: “ENP” (Enumerated, Necessary and Proper)
Executive Power - Mnemonic: “CET” (Commander-in-Chief, Executive Orders, Treaties)
Judicial Power - Mnemonic: “JDI” (Jurisdiction, Doctrine of Justiciability, Independent Judiciary)
Individual Rights - Mnemonic: “ARTS”

Subtopics:
First Amendment - Mnemonic: “RAPS” (Religion, Assembly, Press, Speech)
Due Process - Mnemonic: “SID” (Substantive, Incorporation, Deprivation of Rights)
Equal Protection - Mnemonic: “SIR” (Suspect Classifications, Intermediate Scrutiny, Rational Basis)

Question 6

Separation of Powers

Answer 6

Separation of Powers - Mnemonic: “SEP”

Subtopics:
Legislative Power - Mnemonic: “ENP” (Enumerated, Necessary and Proper)
Executive Power - Mnemonic: “CET” (Commander-in-Chief, Executive Orders, Treaties)
Judicial Power - Mnemonic: “JDI” (Jurisdiction, Doctrine of Justiciability, Independent Judiciary)

Question 7

Individual Rights

Answer 7

Individual Rights - Mnemonic: “ARTS”

Subtopics:
First Amendment - Mnemonic: “RAPS” (Religion, Assembly, Press, Speech)
Due Process - Mnemonic: “SID” (Substantive, Incorporation, Deprivation of Rights)
Equal Protection - Mnemonic: “SIR” (Suspect Classifications, Intermediate Scrutiny, Rational Basis)

Question 8

Contracts

Answer 8

Contracts
Major Subject: Contracts

Mnemonic: “Formation of Consideration”
Key Topics:

Formation - Mnemonic: “OAC” (Offer, Acceptance, Consideration)

Subtopics:
Formation
Statute of Frauds / Writing Existance
DON’T NEED PRICE OR TIME
Just enough to show existence of agreement. Object and quantity.
Offer - Mnemonic: “DOT” (Definiteness, Objective Intent, Terms Communicated)
Acceptance - Mnemonic: “MUV” (Mirror Image Rule, Unilateral/Bilateral, Valid Communication)
Consideration - Mnemonic: “BLR” (Bargained-for Exchange, Legal Detriment, Reciprocal Inducement)
Performance - Mnemonic: “SBC” (Substantial Performance, Breach, Conditions)
Modification

Subtopics:
Substantial Performance - Mnemonic: “PRG” (Performance, Reasonable, Good Faith)
Breach - Mnemonic: “MMA” (Material, Minor, Anticipatory)
Conditions - Mnemonic: “PECS” (Precedent, Express, Concurrent, Subsequent)
Remedies - Mnemonic: “DER” (Damages, Equitable Remedies, Restitution)

Subtopics:
Damages - Mnemonic: “CEN” (Compensatory, Expectation, Nominal)
Equitable Remedies - Mnemonic: “SIIR” (Specific Performance, Injunction, Reformation, Rescission)
Restitution - Mnemonic: “UBF” (Unjust Enrichment, Benefit Conferred, Fairness)

Question 9

Formation

Answer 9

Formation - Mnemonic: “OAC” (Offer, Acceptance, Consideration)

Subtopics:
Offer - Mnemonic: “DOT” (Definiteness, Objective Intent, Terms Communicated)
Acceptance - Mnemonic: “MUV” (Mirror Image Rule, Unilateral/Bilateral, Valid Communication)
Consideration - Mnemonic: “BLR” (Bargained-for Exchange, Legal Detriment, Reciprocal Inducement)

Question 10

Performance

Answer 10

Performance - Mnemonic: “SBC” (Substantial Performance, Breach, Conditions)

Subtopics:
Substantial Performance - Mnemonic: “PRG” (Performance, Reasonable, Good Faith)
Breach - Mnemonic: “MMA” (Material, Minor, Anticipatory)
Conditions - Mnemonic: “PECS” (Precedent, Express, Concurrent, Subsequent)

Question 11

Remedies

Answer 11

Remedies - Mnemonic: “DER” (Damages, Equitable Remedies, Restitution)

Subtopics:
Damages - Mnemonic: “CEN” (Compensatory, Expectation, Nominal)
Equitable Remedies - Mnemonic: “SIIR” (Specific Performance, Injunction, Reformation, Rescission)
Restitution - Mnemonic: “UBF” (Unjust Enrichment, Benefit Conferred, Fairness)

Question 12

Criminal Law and Procedure

Answer 12

Criminal Law and Procedure
Major Subject: Criminal Law and Procedure

Mnemonic: “Mens Rea Actus Reus”
Key Topics:

Elements of Crimes - Mnemonic: “MALA” (Mens Rea, Actus Reus, Concurrence, Causation)

Subtopics:
Mens Rea - Mnemonic: “PINK” (Purpose, Intent, Negligence, Knowledge)
Actus Reus - Mnemonic: “AVC” (Act, Voluntariness, Circumstances)
Concurrence - Mnemonic: “SAM” (Simultaneous, Act, Mens Rea)
Causation - Mnemonic: “ABC” (Actual Cause, But-for, Causation in Fact)
Defenses - Mnemonic: “JIS” (Justification, Insanity, Self-defense)

Subtopics:
Justification - Mnemonic: “SDD” (Self-defense, Defense of Others, Defense of Property)
Insanity - Mnemonic: “MINS” (M’Naghten, Irresistible Impulse, Durham, MPC)
Self-defense - Mnemonic: “PRN” (Proportionality, Reasonable Belief, Necessity)
Procedure - Mnemonic: “AAT” (Arrest, Arraignment, Trial)

Subtopics:
Arrest - Mnemonic: “WPM” (Warrant, Probable Cause, Miranda)
Arraignment - Mnemonic: “PIR” (Plea, Initial Hearing, Rights Informed)
Trial - Mnemonic: “OPE” (Opening Statements, Presentation of Evidence, Examination of Witnesses)

Question 13

Elements of Crimes

Answer 13

Elements of Crimes - Mnemonic: “MALA” (Mens Rea, Actus Reus, Concurrence, Causation)

Subtopics:
Mens Rea - Mnemonic: “PINK” (Purpose, Intent, Negligence, Knowledge)
Actus Reus - Mnemonic: “AVC” (Act, Voluntariness, Circumstances)
Concurrence - Mnemonic: “SAM” (Simultaneous, Act, Mens Rea)
Causation - Mnemonic: “ABC” (Actual Cause, But-for, Causation in Fact)

Question 14

Defenses

Answer 14

Defenses - Mnemonic: “JIS” (Justification, Insanity, Self-defense)

Subtopics:
Justification - Mnemonic: “SDD” (Self-defense, Defense of Others, Defense of Property)
Insanity - Mnemonic: “MINS” (M’Naghten, Irresistible Impulse, Durham, MPC)
Self-defense - Mnemonic: “PRN” (Proportionality, Reasonable Belief, Necessity)

Question 15

Procedure

Answer 15

Procedure - Mnemonic: “AAT” (Arrest, Arraignment, Trial)

Subtopics:
Arrest - Mnemonic: “WPM” (Warrant, Probable Cause, Miranda)
Arraignment - Mnemonic: “PIR” (Plea, Initial Hearing, Rights Informed)
Trial - Mnemonic: “OPE” (Opening Statements, Presentation of Evidence, Examination of Witnesses)

Question 16

Evidence

Answer 16

Evidence
Major Subject: Evidence

Mnemonic: “Hearsay Rules Relevance”
Key Topics:

Relevance - Mnemonic: “PBR” (Probative Value, Balancing, Rebuttal)

Subtopics:
Probative Value - Mnemonic: “MEL” (Materiality, Evidence, Link to Case)
Balancing - Mnemonic: “PUF” (Prejudicial vs. Probative, Unfair Prejudice, Fairness)
Rebuttal - Mnemonic: “CCL” (Contradiction, Credibility, Limiting Instructions)
Hearsay - Mnemonic: “SAD” (Statement, Assertive Conduct, Declarant)

Subtopics:
Statement - Mnemonic: “OOO” (Out of Court, Offered to Prove, Truth of Matter Asserted)
Assertive Conduct - Mnemonic: “WAB” (Words, Actions, Behavior)
Declarant - Mnemonic: “AAC” (Availability, Admissibility, Context)
Privileges - Mnemonic: “CAP” (Confidential Communications, Attorney-Client, Physician-Patient)

Subtopics:
Confidential Communications - Mnemonic: “INT” (Intent, Not Public, Trust)
Attorney-Client - Mnemonic: “CIR” (Confidential, Information, Representation)
Physician-Patient - Mnemonic: “PHP” (Patient Health, Protected, Privacy)

Question 17

Relevance

Answer 17

Relevance - Mnemonic: “PBR” (Probative Value, Balancing, Rebuttal)

Subtopics:
Probative Value - Mnemonic: “MEL” (Materiality, Evidence, Link to Case)
Balancing - Mnemonic: “PUF” (Prejudicial vs. Probative, Unfair Prejudice, Fairness)
Rebuttal - Mnemonic: “CCL” (Contradiction, Credibility, Limiting Instructions)

Question 18

Hearsay

Answer 18

Hearsay - Mnemonic: “SAD” (Statement, Assertive Conduct, Declarant)

Subtopics:
Statement - Mnemonic: “OOO” (Out of Court, Offered to Prove, Truth of Matter Asserted)
Assertive Conduct - Mnemonic: “WAB” (Words, Actions, Behavior)
Declarant - Mnemonic: “AAC” (Availability, Admissibility, Context)

Question 19

Privileges

Answer 19

Privileges - Mnemonic: “CAP” (Confidential Communications, Attorney-Client, Physician-Patient)

Subtopics:
Confidential Communications - Mnemonic: “INT” (Intent, Not Public, Trust)
Attorney-Client - Mnemonic: “CIR” (Confidential, Information, Representation)
Physician-Patient - Mnemonic: “PHP” (Patient Health, Protected, Privacy)

Question 20

Real Property

Answer 20

Real Property
Major Subject: Real Property

Mnemonic: “Leases, Titles, Easements, Possession”
Key Topics:

Leases - Mnemonic: “TERM” (Tenancy, Expiration, Renewal, Maintenance)

Subtopics:
Tenancy Types - Mnemonic: “FAW” (Fixed, At Will, Periodic)
Renewal - Mnemonic: “CRA” (Conditions, Requirements, Agreement)
Maintenance - Mnemonic: “LTL” (Landlord, Tenant, Lease Provisions)

Titles - Mnemonic: “DAC” (Deed, Abstract, Chain of Title)

Subtopics:
Deeds - Mnemonic: “WSD” (Warranty, Special Warranty, Deed of Trust)
Abstract - Mnemonic: “RTC” (Record, Title Search, Certification)
Chain of Title - Mnemonic: “GAP” (Grantor, Assignee, Previous Owners)
Easements - Mnemonic: “ING” (In Gross, Necessity, Grant)

Subtopics:
Creation - Mnemonic: “PUE” (Prescription, Usage, Express)
Termination - Mnemonic: “MRR” (Merger, Release, Revocation)
Possession - Mnemonic: “APN” (Adverse Possession, Prescriptive Easements, Nuisance)

Subtopics:
Adverse Possession - Mnemonic: “COACH” (Continuous, Open, Actual, Hostile)
Prescriptive Easements - Mnemonic: “CON” (Continuous, Open, Notorious)
Nuisance - Mnemonic: “SPI” (Substantial, Persistent, Interference)

Question 21

Torts

Answer 21

Torts
Major Subject: Torts

Mnemonic: “DINT”
Key Topics:

Intentional Torts - Mnemonic: “DINT” (Defamation, Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress, Nuisance, Trespass)

Subtopics:
Defamation - Mnemonic: “FPSD” (False Statement, Publication, Suffered Harm, Damages)
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress - Mnemonic: “SEEC” (Severe, Extreme, Emotional Distress, Causation)
Nuisance - Mnemonic: “SIR” (Substantial, Interference, Reasonable)
Trespass - Mnemonic: “IUP” (Intentional, Unauthorized, Physical Entry)
Negligence - Mnemonic: “DDBP” (Duty, Breach, Damage, Proximate Cause)

Subtopics:
Duty - Mnemonic: “RIF” (Reasonable Care, Invitee, Foreseeability)
Breach - Mnemonic: “BFS” (Behavior, Foreseeability, Standards)
Damage - Mnemonic: “CP” (Compensatory, Punitive)
Proximate Cause - Mnemonic: “FCS” (Foreseeability, Causation in Fact, Substantial Factor)
Strict Liability - Mnemonic: “WAP” (Wild Animals, Abnormally Dangerous Activities, Products Liability)

Subtopics:
Wild Animals - Mnemonic: “PAK” (Possession, Attack, Knowledge)
Abnormally Dangerous Activities - Mnemonic: “HUI” (High Risk, Uncommon, Inability to Eliminate Risk)
Products Liability - Mnemonic: “MFN” (Manufacturing Defect, Failure to Warn, Negligence)

Question 22

Intentional Torts

Answer 22

Intentional Torts - Mnemonic: “DINT” (Defamation, Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress, Nuisance, Trespass)

Subtopics:
Defamation - Mnemonic: “FPSD” (False Statement, Publication, Suffered Harm, Damages)
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress - Mnemonic: “SEEC” (Severe, Extreme, Emotional Distress, Causation)
Nuisance - Mnemonic: “SIR” (Substantial, Interference, Reasonable)
Trespass - Mnemonic: “IUP” (Intentional, Unauthorized, Physical Entry)

Question 23

Negligence

Answer 23

Negligence - Mnemonic: “DDBP” (Duty, Breach, Damage, Proximate Cause)

Subtopics:
Duty - Mnemonic: “RIF” (Reasonable Care, Invitee, Foreseeability)
Breach - Mnemonic: “BFS” (Behavior, Foreseeability, Standards)
Damage - Mnemonic: “CP” (Compensatory, Punitive)
Proximate Cause - Mnemonic: “FCS” (Foreseeability, Causation in Fact, Substantial Factor)

Question 24

Strict Liability

Answer 24

Strict Liability - Mnemonic: “WAP” (Wild Animals, Abnormally Dangerous Activities, Products Liability)

Subtopics:
Wild Animals - Mnemonic: “PAK” (Possession, Attack, Knowledge)
Abnormally Dangerous Activities - Mnemonic: “HUI” (High Risk, Uncommon, Inability to Eliminate Risk)
Products Liability - Mnemonic: “MFN” (Manufacturing Defect, Failure to Warn, Negligence)

Question 25

Agency Law

Answer 25

Agency Law
Major Subject: Agency Law

Mnemonic: “CARP”
Key Topics:

Creation and Termination of Agency - Mnemonic: “CARP” (Consent, Agreement, Revocation, Performance)

Subtopics:
Consent - Mnemonic: “MOW” (Mutual, Offer, Willingness)
Agreement - Mnemonic: “IWE” (Implied, Written, Express)
Revocation - Mnemonic: “AOT” (Act of Party, Operation of Law, Termination)
Performance - Mnemonic: “EDN” (Executed, Duration, Notice)
Authority - Mnemonic: “REA” (Real, Express, Apparent)

Subtopics:
Real Authority - Mnemonic: “DIP” (Direct, Implied, Position)
Express Authority - Mnemonic: “WAC” (Written, Authorized, Communication)
Apparent Authority - Mnemonic: “ROD” (Representation, Ostensible, Detrimental Reliance)
Liability of Principal and Agent - Mnemonic: “TIC” (Torts, Independent Contractors, Contracts)

Subtopics:
Torts - Mnemonic: “NVR” (Negligence, Vicarious Liability, Respondeat Superior)
Independent Contractors - Mnemonic: “CCI” (Control, Course of Employment, Independent Status)
Contracts - Mnemonic: “RAD” (Ratification, Actual Authority, Disclosure)

Question 26

Creation and Termination of Agency

Answer 26

Creation and Termination of Agency - Mnemonic: “CARP” (Consent, Agreement, Revocation, Performance)

Subtopics:
Consent - Mnemonic: “MOW” (Mutual, Offer, Willingness)
Agreement - Mnemonic: “IWE” (Implied, Written, Express)
Revocation - Mnemonic: “AOT” (Act of Party, Operation of Law, Termination)
Performance - Mnemonic: “EDN” (Executed, Duration, Notice)

Question 27

Authority

Answer 27

Authority - Mnemonic: “REA” (Real, Express, Apparent)

Subtopics:
Real Authority - Mnemonic: “DIP” (Direct, Implied, Position)
Express Authority - Mnemonic: “WAC” (Written, Authorized, Communication)
Apparent Authority - Mnemonic: “ROD” (Representation, Ostensible, Detrimental Reliance)

Question 28

Liability of Principal and Agent

Answer 28

Liability of Principal and Agent - Mnemonic: “TIC” (Torts, Independent Contractors, Contracts)

Subtopics:
Torts - Mnemonic: “NVR” (Negligence, Vicarious Liability, Respondeat Superior)
Independent Contractors - Mnemonic: “CCI” (Control, Course of Employment, Independent Status)
Contracts - Mnemonic: “RAD” (Ratification, Actual Authority, Disclosure)

Question 29

Conflict of Laws

Answer 29

Conflict of Laws
Major Subject: Conflict of Laws

Mnemonic: “JDD”
Key Topics:

Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “JDD” (Jurisdiction, Domicile, Defenses)

Subtopics:
Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “PJI” (Personal, Jurisdictional Issues, In Rem)
Domicile - Mnemonic: “HIP” (Home, Intent, Physical Presence)
Defenses - Mnemonic: “PFI” (Public Policy, Full Faith and Credit, Interest Analysis)
Choice of Law - Mnemonic: “GIT” (Governmental Interest, Interest Analysis, Traditional Approach)

Subtopics:
Governmental Interest - Mnemonic: “PSP” (Policies, State Interests, Purpose)
Interest Analysis - Mnemonic: “BIC” (Better Law, Interest, Comparative)
Traditional Approach - Mnemonic: “PVT” (Place of Contract, Validity, Tort)
Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments - Mnemonic: “FER” (Full Faith and Credit, Equitable Estoppel, Res Judicata)

Subtopics:
Full Faith and Credit - Mnemonic: “FCC” (Final, Competent, Civil Judgments)
Equitable Estoppel - Mnemonic: “PRE” (Preclusion, Reliance, Equity)
Res Judicata - Mnemonic: “FSR” (Finality, Same Parties, Re-litigation)

Question 30

Jurisdiction

Answer 30

Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “JDD” (Jurisdiction, Domicile, Defenses)

Subtopics:
Jurisdiction - Mnemonic: “PJI” (Personal, Jurisdictional Issues, In Rem)
Domicile - Mnemonic: “HIP” (Home, Intent, Physical Presence)
Defenses - Mnemonic: “PFI” (Public Policy, Full Faith and Credit, Interest Analysis)

Question 31

Choice of Law

Answer 31

Choice of Law - Mnemonic: “GIT” (Governmental Interest, Interest Analysis, Traditional Approach)

Subtopics:
Governmental Interest - Mnemonic: “PSP” (Policies, State Interests, Purpose)
Interest Analysis - Mnemonic: “BIC” (Better Law, Interest, Comparative)
Traditional Approach - Mnemonic: “PVT” (Place of Contract, Validity, Tort)

Question 32

Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments

Answer 32

Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments - Mnemonic: “FER” (Full Faith and Credit, Equitable Estoppel, Res Judicata)

Subtopics:
Full Faith and Credit - Mnemonic: “FCC” (Final, Competent, Civil Judgments)
Equitable Estoppel - Mnemonic: “PRE” (Preclusion, Reliance, Equity)
Res Judicata - Mnemonic: “FSR” (Finality, Same Parties, Re-litigation)

Question 33

Corporations & LLCs

Answer 33

Corporations & LLCs
Major Subject: Corporations & LLCs

Mnemonic: “FISC”
Key Topics:

Formation and Structure - Mnemonic: “FISC” (Formation, Incorporation, Structure, Control)

Subtopics:
Formation - Mnemonic: “CRD” (Charter, Registered Agent, Directors)
Incorporation - Mnemonic: “ACI” (Articles of Incorporation, Corporate Bylaws, Initial Meeting)
Structure - Mnemonic: “BOS” (Board of Directors, Officers, Shareholders)
Control - Mnemonic: “VPW” (Voting Rights, Proxy Voting, Weighted Voting)
Fiduciary Duties - Mnemonic: “DOL” (Duty of Care, Duty of Loyalty, Duty of Obedience)
piercing corporate veil

Subtopics:
Duty of Care - Mnemonic: “BRD” (Business Judgment Rule, Reasonable Decisions, Due Diligence)
Duty of Loyalty - Mnemonic: “CCD” (Conflict of Interest, Corporate Opportunity, Disclosure)
Duty of Obedience - Mnemonic: “ACA” (Adhere to Charter, Comply with Laws, Authorized Actions)
Shareholder Rights and Liabilities - Mnemonic: “VDS” (Voting, Dividends, Suits)

Subtopics:
Voting Rights - Mnemonic: “MEP” (Meetings, Election of Directors, Proxy Voting)
Dividends - Mnemonic: “DDA” (Declared, Distributed, Authorized)
Shareholder Suits - Mnemonic: “DDS” (Derivative, Direct, Standing)

Question 34

Formation and Structure

Answer 34

Formation and Structure - Mnemonic: “FISC” (Formation, Incorporation, Structure, Control)

Subtopics:
Formation - Mnemonic: “CRD” (Charter, Registered Agent, Directors)
Incorporation - Mnemonic: “ACI” (Articles of Incorporation, Corporate Bylaws, Initial Meeting)
Structure - Mnemonic: “BOS” (Board of Directors, Officers, Shareholders)
Control - Mnemonic: “VPW” (Voting Rights, Proxy Voting, Weighted Voting)

Question 35

Fiduciary Duties

Answer 35

Fiduciary Duties - Mnemonic: “DOL” (Duty of Care, Duty of Loyalty, Duty of Obedience)

Subtopics:
Duty of Care - Mnemonic: “BRD” (Business Judgment Rule, Reasonable Decisions, Due Diligence)
Duty of Loyalty - Mnemonic: “CCD” (Conflict of Interest, Corporate Opportunity, Disclosure)
Duty of Obedience - Mnemonic: “ACA” (Adhere to Charter, Comply with Laws, Authorized Actions)

Question 36

Shareholder Rights and Liabilities

Answer 36

Shareholder Rights and Liabilities - Mnemonic: “VDS” (Voting, Dividends, Suits)

Subtopics:
Voting Rights - Mnemonic: “MEP” (Meetings, Election of Directors, Proxy Voting)
Dividends - Mnemonic: “DDA” (Declared, Distributed, Authorized)
Shareholder Suits - Mnemonic: “DDS” (Derivative, Direct, Standing)

Question 37

Family Law

Answer 37

Family Law
Major Subject: Family Law

Mnemonic: “DACA”
Key Topics:

Divorce and Separation - Mnemonic: “DACA” (Divorce, Alimony, Child Custody, Adoption)

Subtopics:
Divorce - Mnemonic: “FAP” (Fault, No-Fault, Property Division)
Alimony - Mnemonic: “PNT” (Permanent, Temporary, Needs-Based)
Child Custody - Mnemonic: “BIC” (Best Interest of the Child, Joint, Sole Custody)
Adoption - Mnemonic: “CPC” (Consent, Procedure, Child’s Best Interest)
Marriage - Mnemonic: “CAP” (Capacity, Agreement, Procedural Requirements)

jurisdiction vs general principles
which court has jx, decided by uccjea
custody and support

Subtopics:
Capacity - Mnemonic: “MLI” (Minimum Age, Legal Capacity, Intent)
Agreement - Mnemonic: “FAA” (Free Will, Acceptance, Authorization)
Procedural Requirements - Mnemonic: “LLP” (License, Legal Ceremony, Presence of Witnesses)
Child Support - Mnemonic: “NCC” (Needs of the Child, Custodial Parent, Calculation)

Subtopics:
Needs of the Child - Mnemonic: “BEM” (Basic Needs, Education, Medical)
Custodial Parent - Mnemonic: “PSP” (Primary Custodial, Shared Custody, Parental Contributions)
Calculation - Mnemonic: “PIG” (Percentage of Income, Guidelines, Adjustments)

Question 38

Partnerships

Answer 38

Partnerships
Major Subject: Partnerships

Mnemonic: “FLOP”
Key Topics:

Formation - Mnemonic: “FLOP” (Formation, Liability, Operations, Profit Sharing)

Subtopics:
Formation - Mnemonic: “PAD” (Partnership Agreement, Articles, Duration)
Liability - Mnemonic: “JAL” (Joint Liability, Apparent Authority, Limited Partners)
Operations - Mnemonic: “MDR” (Management, Decision-Making, Record Keeping)
Profit Sharing - Mnemonic: “ERP” (Equal Share, Ratios, Provisions)
Dissolution - Mnemonic: “WRAP” (Winding Up, Rights, Accounting, Partners’ Liabilities)
liability

Subtopics:
Winding Up - Mnemonic: “LPC” (Liquidation, Payments, Creditors)
Rights - Mnemonic: “PDR” (Partners’ Rights, Distribute Assets, Residual Interests)
Accounting - Mnemonic: “FAR” (Final Accounts, Assets, Receivables)
Partners’ Liabilities - Mnemonic: “SLL” (Settling Debts, Legal Obligations, Loss Distribution)

Question 39

Formation

Answer 39

Formation - Mnemonic: “FLOP” (Formation, Liability, Operations, Profit Sharing)

Subtopics:
Formation - Mnemonic: “PAD” (Partnership Agreement, Articles, Duration)
Liability - Mnemonic: “JAL” (Joint Liability, Apparent Authority, Limited Partners)
Operations - Mnemonic: “MDR” (Management, Decision-Making, Record Keeping)
Profit Sharing - Mnemonic: “ERP” (Equal Share, Ratios, Provisions)

Question 40

Dissolution

Answer 40

Dissolution - Mnemonic: “WRAP” (Winding Up, Rights, Accounting, Partners’ Liabilities)

Subtopics:
Winding Up - Mnemonic: “LPC” (Liquidation, Payments, Creditors)
Rights - Mnemonic: “PDR” (Partners’ Rights, Distribute Assets, Residual Interests)
Accounting - Mnemonic: “FAR” (Final Accounts, Assets, Receivables)
Partners’ Liabilities - Mnemonic: “SLL” (Settling Debts, Legal Obligations, Loss Distribution)

Question 41

Secured Transactions

Answer 41

Secured Transactions
Major Subject: Secured Transactions

Mnemonic: “PAC”
Key Topics:

Attachment - Mnemonic: “PAC” (Property, Agreement, Consideration)

Subtopics:
Property - Mnemonic: “RAC” (Rights in Collateral, Authorized Use, Control)
Agreement - Mnemonic: “WIS” (Written, Intent, Security Interest)
Consideration - Mnemonic: “VGC” (Value Given, Goods, Commitment)
Perfection - Mnemonic: “FPA” (Filing, Possession, Automatic Perfection)

Subtopics:
Filing - Mnemonic: “FNS” (Financing Statement, Notice, State of Filing)
Possession - Mnemonic: “PCC” (Physical Control, Collateral, Custody)
Automatic Perfection - Mnemonic: “PMSI” (Purchase Money Security Interest)
Priority - Mnemonic: “CRP” (Competing Claims, Ranking, Proceeds)

Subtopics:
Competing Claims - Mnemonic: “FTI” (First to File, Time of Perfection, Intervening Rights)
Ranking - Mnemonic: “RFS” (Ranking by Filing, Secured vs. Unsecured, Subordination)
Proceeds - Mnemonic: “COA” (Collateral, Original, After-Acquired Property)

Question 42

Attachment

Answer 42

Attachment - Mnemonic: “PAC” (Property, Agreement, Consideration)

Subtopics:
Property - Mnemonic: “RAC” (Rights in Collateral, Authorized Use, Control)
Agreement - Mnemonic: “WIS” (Written, Intent, Security Interest)
Consideration - Mnemonic: “VGC” (Value Given, Goods, Commitment)

Question 43

Perfection

Answer 43

Perfection - Mnemonic: “FPA” (Filing, Possession, Automatic Perfection)

Subtopics:
Filing - Mnemonic: “FNS” (Financing Statement, Notice, State of Filing)
Possession - Mnemonic: “PCC” (Physical Control, Collateral, Custody)
Automatic Perfection - Mnemonic: “PMSI” (Purchase Money Security Interest)

Question 44

Priority

Answer 44

Priority - Mnemonic: “CRP” (Competing Claims, Ranking, Proceeds)

Subtopics:
Competing Claims - Mnemonic: “FTI” (First to File, Time of Perfection, Intervening Rights)
Ranking - Mnemonic: “RFS” (Ranking by Filing, Secured vs. Unsecured, Subordination)
Proceeds - Mnemonic: “COA” (Collateral, Original, After-Acquired Property)

Question 45

Trusts & Future Interests

Answer 45

Trusts & Future Interests
Major Subject: Trusts & Future Interests

Mnemonic: “FEAR”
Key Topics:

Formation - Mnemonic: “FEAR” (Formation, Elements, Administration, Revocation)

Subtopics:
Formation - Mnemonic: “TRD” (Trust Document, Res, Declaration)
Elements - Mnemonic: “BIT” (Beneficiary, Intent, Trustee)
Administration - Mnemonic: “FID” (Fiduciary Duties, Investment, Distribution)
Revocation - Mnemonic: “WRC” (Will, Revocation Clause, Court Order)
Types of Trusts - Mnemonic: “PLC” (Private, Living, Charitable)

fiduciary duties of trustee

Subtopics:
Private Trusts - Mnemonic: “SPI” (Spendthrift, Protective, Interest)
Living Trusts - Mnemonic: “SIR” (Settlor, Inter Vivos, Revocable)
Charitable Trusts - Mnemonic: “PCS” (Public Purpose, Cy Pres, Supervision)
Future Interests - Mnemonic: “RIV” (Remainders, Interests, Vesting)

Subtopics:
Remainders - Mnemonic: “VSC” (Vested, Subject to Open, Contingent)
Interests - Mnemonic: “POS” (Possibility of Reverter, Right of Entry, Executory Interests)
Vesting - Mnemonic: “CPC” (Class Closing, Perpetuities, Conditions)

Question 46

Formation

Answer 46

Formation - Mnemonic: “FEAR” (Formation, Elements, Administration, Revocation)

Subtopics:
Formation - Mnemonic: “TRD” (Trust Document, Res, Declaration)
Elements - Mnemonic: “BIT” (Beneficiary, Intent, Trustee)
Administration - Mnemonic: “FID” (Fiduciary Duties, Investment, Distribution)
Revocation - Mnemonic: “WRC” (Will, Revocation Clause, Court Order)

Question 47

Types of Trusts

Answer 47

Types of Trusts - Mnemonic: “PLC” (Private, Living, Charitable)

Subtopics:
Private Trusts - Mnemonic: “SPI” (Spendthrift, Protective, Interest)
Living Trusts - Mnemonic: “SIR” (Settlor, Inter Vivos, Revocable)
Charitable Trusts - Mnemonic: “PCS” (Public Purpose, Cy Pres, Supervision)

Question 48

Future Interests

Answer 48

Future Interests - Mnemonic: “RIV” (Remainders, Interests, Vesting)

Subtopics:
Remainders - Mnemonic: “VSC” (Vested, Subject to Open, Contingent)
Interests - Mnemonic: “POS” (Possibility of Reverter, Right of Entry, Executory Interests)
Vesting - Mnemonic: “CPC” (Class Closing, Perpetuities, Conditions)

Question 49

Wills

Answer 49

Wills
Major Subject: Wills

Mnemonic: “TEP”
Key Topics:

Testamentary Capacity - Mnemonic: “TEP” (Testamentary Capacity, Execution, Probate)

Subtopics:
Testamentary Capacity - Mnemonic: “SMR” (Sound Mind, Majority Age, Rational Decision-Making)
Execution - Mnemonic: “WIS” (Writing, Intent, Signatures)
Probate - Mnemonic: “CAI” (Court Process, Authentication, Inventory)
Revocation - Mnemonic: “RWC” (Revocation, Will Contests, Codicils)

Subtopics:
Revocation - Mnemonic: “PAC” (Physical Act, Another Will, Changed Circumstances)
Will Contests - Mnemonic: “UFC” (Undue Influence, Fraud, Capacity)
Codicils - Mnemonic: “AMC” (Amendments, Modifications, Codicils)
Distribution - Mnemonic: “IAD” (Intestate Succession, Ademption, Distribution Methods)

Subtopics:
Intestate Succession - Mnemonic: “LEP” (Laws of Descent, Equal Distribution, Per Stirpes)
Ademption - Mnemonic: “SPE” (Specific Gifts, Property Sale, Extinction)
Distribution Methods - Mnemonic: “LPA” (Lapse, Per Capita, Anti-Lapse Statutes)

Question 50

Testamentary Capacity

Answer 50

Testamentary Capacity - Mnemonic: “TEP” (Testamentary Capacity, Execution, Probate)

Subtopics:
Testamentary Capacity - Mnemonic: “SMR” (Sound Mind, Majority Age, Rational Decision-Making)
Execution - Mnemonic: “WIS” (Writing, Intent, Signatures)
Probate - Mnemonic: “CAI” (Court Process, Authentication, Inventory)

Question 51

Revocation

Answer 51

Revocation - Mnemonic: “RWC” (Revocation, Will Contests, Codicils)

Subtopics:
Revocation - Mnemonic: “PAC” (Physical Act, Another Will, Changed Circumstances)
Will Contests - Mnemonic: “UFC” (Undue Influence, Fraud, Capacity)
Codicils - Mnemonic: “AMC” (Amendments, Modifications, Codicils)

Question 52

Distribution

Answer 52

Distribution - Mnemonic: “IAD” (Intestate Succession, Ademption, Distribution Methods)

Subtopics:
Intestate Succession - Mnemonic: “LEP” (Laws of Descent, Equal Distribution, Per Stirpes)
Ademption - Mnemonic: “SPE” (Specific Gifts, Property Sale, Extinction)
Distribution Methods - Mnemonic: “LPA” (Lapse, Per Capita, Anti-Lapse Statutes)