Mnemonics Flashcards
Generalized anxiety symptoms
How many are required for diagnosis?
BE SKIM (3+ symptoms needed): Blank mind Easily fatigued Sleep disturbance Keyed up Iritability Muscle tension
Panic disorders, symptoms (also, how many are needed for the diagnosis)
STUDENTS FEAR THE 3 Cs (4 + symptoms needed for diagnosis) Sweating Trembling Unsteadiness Depersonalization/derealization Excessive heart rate Nausea Tingling Shortness of breath FEAR: fear of dying The 3 Cs: Chest pain, choking, chills
Depression, symptoms. Also, how many symptoms are needed and duration.
M SIGE CAPS ( 5 symptoms needed for over 2 weeks. Must include decreased mood and/or decreased interest). Mood: decreased Sleep: increased/decreased Interest: decreased Guilt Energy: decreased Concentration: decreased Appetite: increased/decreased Psychomotor: agitation/retardation Suicidal ideations
PTSD, criteria
TRAUMA Traumatic event Re-experiencing event Avoid stimuli reminding of trauma Unable to function More than 1 month Arousal increased \+ negative alterations in cognition and mood
Paranoid personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Paranoid personality disorder: SUSPECT (4+ needed for diagnosis)
Suspicious
Unforgiving
Spousal infidelity suspect without justification
Perceive attacks on character, counteracts quickly
Enemies or friends? Preoccupied with trustworthiness
Confiding in others is feared
Threats interpreted in benign remarks
Schizoid personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Schiziod personality disorder: DISTANT (4+ needed for diagnosis)
Detatched/flat affect, emotionally cold
Indifferent to praise or criticism
Sexual experiences of little interest
Tasks done solitarily
Absence of close friends
Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships
Takes pleasure in few (if any) activities
Schizotypal personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Schizotypal personality disorder: ME PECULIAR (5+ needed for diagnosis)
Magical thinking
Experiences unusal perceptions (including body illusions)
Paranoid ideation
Eccentric behaviour or appearence
Constricted or inappropriate affect
Unusual thinking/speech
Lacks close friends
Ideas for reference
Anxiety in social situations
Rule out psychotic/pervasive developmental disorders
Borderline personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Borderline personality disorder: IMPULSIVE (5+ required)
Impulsive (minimum 2 self-damaging ways e.g sex/drugs/spending)
Mood/affect instability
Paranoia og dissociation under stress
Unstable self-image
Labile intense relationships
Suicidal gestures/self-harm
Inappropriate anger
aVoiding abandoment (real or imagined, frantic efforts)
Emptiness (feelings of)
Narcissistic personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Narcissistic personality disorder: GRANDIOSE (5+ needed for diagnosis)
Grandiose
Requires excessive admiration
Arrogant
Needs to be special (and associate with other specials)
Dreams of success, power, beauty, love
Interpersonally exploitative
Others (lacks empathy, unable to recognize feelings/needs of others)
Sense of entitlement
Envious (or believes others are envious)
Antisocial personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Antisocial personality disorder: CORRUPT 3+ needed for diagnosis Cannot conform to law Obligations ignored (irresposible) Reckless disregard for safety Remorseless Underhanded (deceitful) Planning insufficient (impulsive) Temper (irritable and aggressive)
Histrionic personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Histrionic personality disorder: ACTRESSS (5+ needed for diagnosis)
Appearance used to attract attention
Centre of attention (else uncomfortable)
Theatrical
Relationships (believed to be more intimate than they are)
Easily influenced
Seductive behaviour
Shallow expression of emotions (which rapidly shift)
Speech (impressionistic and vague)
Avoidant personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Avoidant personality disorder: CRINGES (4+ needed for diagnosis)
Criticism or rejection preoccupies thoughts in social situation
Restraint in relationships due to fear of being shamed
Inhibited in new relationships due to fear of inadequacy
Needs to be sure of being liked before engaging socially
Gets aroud occupational activities requiring interpersonal contact
Embarrassment prevents new activity or taking risks
Self-viewed as unappealing or inferior
Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder: SCRIMPER (4+ symptoms needed for diagnosis)
Stubborn
Cannot discard worthless objects
Rule/detail obsessed (to point of activity lost)
Inflexible in matters of morality, ethics, values
Miserly
Perfectionistic
Excludes leisure due to devotion to work
Reluctant to delegate to others
Dependent personality disorder, symptoms. How many are needed for diagnosis?
Dependent personality disorder: RELIANCE (5+ needed for diagnosis)
Reassurance required for everyday decisions
Expressing disagreement difficult
Life responsibilities assumed by others
Initiating projects difficult (because no confidence)
Alone (feels helpless and uncomfortable when alone)
Nurturance (goes to excessive lengths to obtain it)
Companionship sought urgently
Exaggerated fears of being left to care for self
Risk factors for suicide
SAD PERSONS Sex (male) Age > 60 yrs Depression Previous attempts Ethanol abuse Rational thinking loss Suicide in family Organized plan No spouse/support Serious illness/intractable pain
Hallmarks of narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations (happening as you fall asleep), sleep paralysis
Treatment of narcolepsy
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Name the extrapyramidal symptoms
1) Dystonia
2) Akathisia
3) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
4) Tardive dyskinisia
5) Parkinsonism
Dystonia: symptoms and treatment
Symptoms: Sustained abnormal posture, torsions, twisting, contraction of muscle groups, muscle spasms (i.e oculogyric crisis, laryngospasm, torticollis).
Treatment: If acute - benztropine (anticholinergic) or dephenhydramine (antihistamine)
Symptoms and treatment of akathisia
Symptoms: Motor restlessness, crawling sensation in legs relieved by walking, very distressing, increased risk of suicide and poor adherance.
Treatment: if acute - Lorazepam (benzodiazepine), propranolol (beta-blocker) or diphenhydramine (antihistamine). Reduce dose or change antipsychotic to lower potency
Pseudoparkinsonism; symptoms and treatment
Symptoms: Tremor, rigidity (cogwheeling), akinesia, postural instability (decreased/absent armswing, stooped posture, shuffling gait, difficulty pivoting).
Treatment: Benztropine (anticholinergic). Reduce dose og change antipsychotic to low potency atypical antipsychotic
Tardive dyskinesia: Symptoms and treatment
Symptoms: Purposeless, constant movements, involving facial and mouth musculature, less commonly the limbs; rarely also the diaphragm (hiccups)
Treatment: No good treatments. Try clozapine, discontinue drug or reduce dosage
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: symptoms, laboratory findings and treatment
NB! Psychiatric emergency!
Symptoms: Tetrad of mental status change, fever, rigidity, autonomic instability.
Labs: Increased creatine phosphokinase, leukocytosis, myoglobinuria
Treatment: Supportive: discontinue antipsychotic drug, hydration, cooling blankets, dantrolene (muscle relaxant), bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
Side effects of antipsychotics, divided into systems that are affected ( 7 systems)
1) Anticholinergic: Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, confusional states
2) Beta-adrenergic blockade: Orthostatic hypotension, erectile dysfunction, failure to ejaculate
3) Dopaminergic blockade: Extrapyramidal syndromes, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, erectile dysfunction, weight gain
4) Anti-histamine: Sedation, weight gain
5) Hematologic: Agranulocytosis (clozapine)
6) Hypersensitivity reactions: Liver dysfunction, blood dyscrasias, skin rashes, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, altered temperature regulation (hypo- or hyperthermia)
7) Endocrine: Metabolic syndrome:
Mental status exam
ASEPTIC Appearance and behaviour Speech Emotion (mood/affect) Perception Thought content and process Insight and judgement Cognition
Diagnostic criteria for mania
GST PAID (3+ symptoms needed for 1 week) Grandiosity Sleep (decreased) Talkative Pleasurable activities -> painful consequences Activity Ideas (flight of) Distractable
Treatment for Bipolar depression
The 4 Ls: Lithium Lamotrigine Lurasidone seroqueL (Quetiapine)
Diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder
C-FIRST (3+ needed) Concentration issues Fatigue Irritability Restlessness Sleep disturbance Tension (muscle)
Etiology of delirium
I WATCH DEATH Infectious Withdrawal Acute metabolic disorder (electrolytes, hepatic, renal failures) Trauma CNS pathology Hypoxia (anemia, cardiac failure, PE) Deficiencies (vit b12, folic acid, thiamine) Endocrinopathies Acute vascular Toxins Heavy metals
The 4 As of dementia
Amnesia
Aphasia
Apraxia
Agnosia (not able to identify objects/persons by using their senses)
Criteria for substance use disorders
PEC WITH MCAT
Physical or Psychological Problem (use despite this)
External roles at work/school/home (failure to fulfill)
Craving
Withdrawal
Interpersonal problems (continued use despite this)
Tolerance
Hazardous situations (uses substances in these situations)
More substance and longer use than intended
Cut down failure
Activities given up due to substance
Time spent on using/finding substance
