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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD > MMW > Flashcards

MMW Flashcards

1
Q

Two Branches of Statistics

A

Descriptive Statistics & Inferential Statistics

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2
Q

Using the data gathered on a group to describe or reach conclusions about the same group
(E.g. class average, range of scores in an exam)

A

Descriptive Statistics

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3
Q

A researcher gathers data from a sample and uses thestatistics generated to reach conclusions about thepopulation from the sample drawn.

A

Inferential Statistics

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4
Q

Two Types of Variable

A

Qualitative & Quantitative

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5
Q

TWO KINDS OF Quantitative Variables

A

Discrete & Continuous

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6
Q
  • Countable
  • Data are obtained by counting
A

Discrete

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7
Q

Can assume an infinite number of values in an interval between any two specific values

A

Continuous

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8
Q

Four Levels of Data Management

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

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9
Q

4 TYPES OF Data Collection Method

A

Survey
Direct Observation
Experiment method
Registration Method

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10
Q

lowest level of data management- for identification and classification

A

Nominal

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11
Q

use to reflect some rank or order ofindividual or objects

A

Ordinal

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12
Q

zero is arbitrary (eg. Temperature)

A

Interval

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13
Q

highest level of data measurement

A

Ratio

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14
Q

zero is absolute (e.g. height)

A

Ratio

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15
Q

makes use of questionnaires (can be telephone, email, personal)

A

Survey

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16
Q

data regarding the behavior,attitudes, values, or cultural patterns of individuals are gathered

A

Direct Observation

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17
Q

objective is to determine cause and effect relationship

A

Experiment method

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18
Q

provide information to comply with a law or policy

A

Registration Method

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19
Q

Different Forms of Presentation of Data

A

Textual
Tabular
Graphical Presentation

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20
Q

consists of bars either vertically or horizontally and usually constructed in comparative purposes

A

Bar Graph

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21
Q

shows relationship between one or more sets of quantities; best used to establish trends

A

Line Graph

22
Q

used to represent quantities that make up a whole

A

Pie Chart

23
Q

is a single score or value that stands for or represents a group of scores or values of the items in a set of data.

A

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

24
Q

3 TYPES OF MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

A

Mean
Median
MODE

25
Q

The sum divided by the count

A

Mean ( X )

26
Q

is a positional measure and the middlemost value in the distribution

A

Median ( Md )

27
Q

is the value or item in a distribution which occurs most frequently or has the highest frequency

A

Mode ( Mo )

28
Q

Divides the distribution in 100 parts

A

PERCENTILE

29
Q

Divides the distribution into 4 parts

A

Quartiles

30
Q

also known as the standard score is the number of standard deviations that a number is above or below the data set

A

Z score

31
Q

BELL SHAPE CURVE

A

Normal Distribution

32
Q

SYMMETRIC ABOUT VERTICAL LINE

A

Normal Distribution

33
Q

LOCATED AT THE HIGHEST POINT

A

CENTER

34
Q

THE MEAN,MEDIAN,MODE ARE

A

EQUAL

35
Q

TOTAL AREA IS

A

1 OR 100%

36
Q

the data lie within 1 standard deviation of the mean.

A

68%

37
Q

the data lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean.

A

95%

38
Q

the data lie within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

A

99.7%

39
Q

measures the relationship between bivariate data.

A

Correlation

40
Q

are data sets in which each subject has two observations associated with it.

A

Bivariate data

41
Q

measures an outcome or result of a study.

A

response variable (dependent variable)

42
Q

is a variable that we think explains or causes changes in the response variables.

A

explanatory variable (independent variable)

43
Q

Is an approach for modeling the relationship between a dependent variable (outcome) and one or more explanatory variables.

A

Linear regression

44
Q

The case of one explanatory variable is called

A

simple linear regression.

45
Q

is a graph of plotted points showing the relationship between two numerical variables.

A

Scatterplot

46
Q

Graphing the data in the scatter plot gives

A

preliminary information about the shape

47
Q

The range of values of the correlation coefficient is

A

form -1 to +1.

48
Q

It means that, when X increases, Y also increases and when X decreases, Y also decreases.

A

POSITIVE correlation

49
Q

High scores in distribution X are associated with low scores in distribution Y. Low scores in distribution X are associated with high scores in distribution Y.

A

NEGATIVE correlation

50
Q

There is no association between the scores in distribution X and distribution Y. No single line can be drawn that best fits to all points or no discernable pattern can be formed.

A

ZERO CORRELATION

51
Q

It is indicated as r x y also known as Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient in honor of Karl Pearson who developed the formula.

A

CORRELATION

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (1 decks)

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