MMTs

Question 1

anterior neck flexors

Answer 1

longus capitis & colli muscles
(assist–> scalene & sternocleidomastoid)
(gravity dependent & independent)

Question 2

anterolateral neck flexors

Answer 2

scalene & sternocleidomastoid muscles
(no gravity eliminated position)

Question 3

posterolateral neck extensors

Answer 3

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles
(assist –> upper trap)
(gravity dependent and independent positions)

Question 4

back extensor

Answer 4

• erector spinae
  (helped by –> latissimus dorsi & trapezius)
• quadratus lumborum (lumbar plexus L1-L3)

Question 5

lateral trunk flexors

Answer 5

(tested on side)
external obliques
internal obliques
rectus abdominis
quadratus lumborum
latissimus dorsi

Question 6

anterior trunk flexors

Answer 6

upper abdominals (curl up to sit)
lower abdominals (lower legs keeping pelvic tilt)

Question 7

oblique trunk flexors

Answer 7

oblique muscles
(internal oblique, external oblique)
(no gravity eliminated position)

Question 8

shoulder abduction

Answer 8

-supraspinatus
(suprascapular, c5)
(alternate position –> side lying or sitting 0-15 deg)
-deltoids
(axillary c5,6)
(gravity dependent (seated) and independent (supine) positions)

Question 9

shoulder flexion

Answer 9

anterior deltoid
(axillary c5,6)
(gravity dependent (seated), gravity eliminated (sidelying)

Question 10

shoulder extension

Answer 10

posterior deltoid
(axillary c5,6)
(gravity dependent (seated), gravity eliminated (sidelying)
latissimus dorsi

Question 11

shoulder horizontal abduction

Answer 11

posterior deltoid
(axillary c5,6)
(gravity dependent (prone), gravity eliminated (sitting))

Question 12

shoulder adduction & extension

Answer 12

latissimus dorsi
(help–> some posterior deltoid)
(thoracodorsal c6,7,8)
(gravity dependent (prone))

Question 13

shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 13

pectoralis major
(pectoral c5,6,7)
- upper= opposite shoulder
-lower= opposite ASIS
(gravity dependent (supine) and independent (sitting) positions)

Question 14

shoulder protraction

Answer 14

pectoralis minor
(medial pectoral n. c7,8,T1)
(gravity dependent (supine) position)

Question 15

shoulder medial rotation, adduction and extension

Answer 15

teres major
(lower subscapular c6)
(gravity dependent (prone) & independent (sitting) positions)

Question 16

shoulder internal rotation

Answer 16

subscapularis
(subscapular c5,6)
(gravity dependent (prone) and independent (prone) positions)

Question 17

shoulder external rotation

Answer 17

infraspinatus
(suprascapular c5,6)
teres minor
(axillary c5,6)
(gravity dependent (prone) and independent (prone) positions)

Question 18

scapular protraction and medial rotation of inferior angle

Answer 18

rhomboid & levator scapulae
(dorsal scapular n c5,6)
trapezius
(accessory n. XI, ventral ramus c3,4)
(gravity dependent (prone), rhomboids can be tested in prone (dependent) independent (sitting) for palpation)

Question 19

scapular retraction

Answer 19

middle trapezius
(gravity dependent (prone), gravity independent (sitting))

Question 20

scapular retraction + depression

Answer 20

lower trapezius
(gravity dependent & independent positions are prone)

Question 21

scapular elevation

Answer 21

upper trapezius
(gravity dependent (sitting), gravity independent (supine)

Question 22

scapular protraction

Answer 22

serratus anterior
(long thoracic n c5,6)
(gravity dependent (supine), gravity independent (sitting))

Question 23

elbow flexion

Answer 23

-biceps brachii
(musculocutaneous c5,6)
(forearm in supination= thumb points out away from body)
-brachialis
(musculocutaneous c5,c6)
(forearm in pronation= thumb points in)
-brachioradialis
(radial c5,6)
(forearm mid position b/t pronation and supination= thumb points up)
(all positions are gravity dependent in sitting (w/elbow at side, gravity independen positions are sitting with arm abducted 90 degrees)

Question 24

elbow extension

Answer 24

triceps brachii
(radial c6,7)
(gravity dependent (prone), gravity independent (sitting w/ arm abducted 90 degrees))

Question 25

elbow pronation

Answer 25

pronator teres
(medican c6,7)
pronator quadratus
(median c8,t1)
(gravity dependent (supine or sitting), gravity independent ())

Question 26

elbow supination

Answer 26

biceps brachii
(musculocutaneous c5,6)
supinator
(radial c5,6)
(gravity dependent (supine or sitting), gravity independent ())