MMT Flashcards
Work per unit of time =
Power
Ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly over time is called…
Endurance
Agonist muscles (aka_______) do what?
Agonist (aka prime movers) cause movement at the joint
Antagonist muscles have…
Opposite action of the agonist
If the biceps are the agonist, the antagonist is
The triceps
Synergists contract to..
work along with the agonist to produce desired movement
3 types of synergist muscles
Neutralizing/Counteracting, Conjoint, & Stabilizing/Fixating
When two or more muscles work together to produce a movement, what kind of synergy is this…
Conjoint Synergists
Muscles that contract to prevent unwanted movements produced by the prime mover, type of synergist…
Counteracting/Neutralizing Synergists
muscles that fire to prevent/control movements at joints proximal to the prime movements
Stabilizing/Fixating Synergists
Precautions to MMT
Extreme Pain & Edema Weakness Osteoporosis Limited Cognitive/Emotional Status Cardiac Conditions Anything Where MD says no
Contraindications to MMT
Recent Unhealed Fx Muscle/Tendon/Ligament Tear Neoplasm Thrombophlebitis Inflammation Pain of Unknown Cause
Before MMT have pt perform_____and observe for______
AROM; Observe for Substitutions
If patient cant perform AROM through full range, reposition them so…
Gravity eliminated (minimized) position
True or false: You want to encourage maximal effort when doing MMT
True
Apply what kind of resistance in MMT
Graded
Do the “Break Test” after segment has…
completed its range
When doing the break test apply the resistance near the…
proximal or distal
distal to where the muscle attaches
Break test is ______than active resistive test
more objective or more subjective
more objective
What is difficult to assess during the Break test…(2 things
Fatigue & Functional Muscle Strength
Active Resistive/Dynamic Testing is when_______ resistance is applied against the direction of movement
Graded Manual Resistance
Active Resistive/Dynamic Testing more beneficial than the break test when testing/looking for…
Endurance; Patterns of Substitutions
MMT graded on a scale of…
0-5 with (-) and (+) for 2 and 3
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when pt cannot break the hold against maximal resistance
5 (Normal)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when cannot tolerate strong resistance, the muscle gives/yields with maximal resistance
4 (Good)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when pt holds end position against resistance
3+ (Fair Plus)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when completes full ROM against gravity
3 (Fair)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when joint does not complete ROM but greater than half range
3- (Fair Minus
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when movement can be initiated against gravity.
Can be in a gravity minimized position with slight resistance
2+ (Poor Plus)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when ROM can be full in gravity eliminated position, with no resistance.
2 (Poor)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when completes partial ROM in gravity eliminated position
2- (Poor Minus)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when examiner can visually detect or palpate some contractile activity, but no movement
1 (Trace)
MMT Test Grade at level ___ when muscle is completely quiet
0 (Zero)
Two other methods to measure strength besides MMT or Break Test:
Hand-held or Isokinetic Dynamometry
Hand-Held dynamometry values vary with…
Method of Application Joint Angle Body Position Lever Arm Stabilization Examiner's Strength
Isokinetic dynomometry can also measure…
Torque, Work, Endurance
When finding muscle weakness, assess…
muscle length
2 Types of weakness:
Stretch Weakness & Over-Stretch Weakness
What kind of weakness is described here:
When muscles remain in an elongated position slightly beyond neutral rest positions but not beyond normal range of muscle length.
Stretch Weakness
What kind of weakness is described here:
2-joint or multi-joint muscles that results from repetitive or habitual positions that elongate the muscle beyond normal range of muscle length
Over-Stretch Weakness
