MMBIO FINAL Flashcards
1
Q
The three types of antigens that are used to serotype enteric bacteria
A
O-outer membrane
K-capsular antigens
H-flagellar antigens
2
Q
Brucella melitensis
A
malta fever, bangs disease or undualt fever. CDC but not tier one
3
Q
Bordetella pertussis
A
whooping cough
4
Q
Bacteroides fragilis
A
clinically significant stict aerobe that causes abdominal
5
Q
Borrelia recurrentis
A
spirochete
6
Q
Burkholderia Pseudomallei
A
agent of melioidosis, vietnam time bomb
7
Q
Burkholderia Mallei
A
etiologic agent of glanders in horses
8
Q
Bartonella quintana
A
trench fever
9
Q
Bartonella henselae
A
cat scratch fever
10
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
legions of blue green pus
11
Q
Salmonella typhi
A
infection of the gallblader that leads to a carrier state, typhoid mary
12
Q
N. Gonorrhoeae
A
mother has active case, can cause blindness in newborn baby. Silver nitrate is put into eyes of newborns.
13
Q
Enterobacteriaceae shigella:
A
cause of bacillary dysentery
14
Q
Rickettsia prowazeki
A
epidemic typhus
15
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis
A
can cause blindness
16
Q
three stages of STI chlamydia
A
initial: lesion at infection site, heals rapidly
second stage: buboes develop
third stage: (not all cases) genital sores, genital elephantiasis
17
Q
Rickettsia rickettsii
A
rocky mountain spotted fever
18
Q
Chlamydophila psittaci
A
causes disease in parrots
19
Q
Rickettsia typhi
A
mirroring typhus tranmistted by fleas
20
Q
Coxiella burnetii
A
Causes Q fever, most common among ranchers, vets, and food handlers
CDC select agent
21
Q
Leptospira interrogans
A
causes liver and kidney disease. can get it from ingesting mouse urine
22
Q
Borellia burgdorferi
A
causes Lyme Disease
23
Q
Camplylocbacter jejuni
A
most common cause of bacterial GASTROENTERITIS in the US
24
Q
Helicobacter pylori
A
peptic ulcers and gastritis
25
Yersinia pestis
*bubonic plague*
26
Pasteurella multocida
*wide host range. shipping fever in cattle and chloera in birds*
27
Francisella tularensis
*rabbit fever. precise conditions to grow in the lab*
28
Legionella pneumophila
*causes pneumonia, lives in the dirt. unknown until the 60s*
29
Haemophilus influenzae
*otitis media, meningitis, epiglottis. x and v factors for growth*
30
A. actinomycetemcomitans
*associated with localized aggressive juvenile periodontitis*
31
Prevotella intermedia
*acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG or NUG)*
32
Diseases and unique characteristics of the hepatitis D virus (Deltavirus)
satellite virus, coinfects with Hep B. All hepatitis infected by body fluids*
33
Definition of Arbovirus and major examples
*Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks)* (SARS would not be an example)
34
HIV factors involved in infection and progression
Retrovirus
Originally called HTLV-3
Infects Helper T cells, found in body fluids
2 types: HIV-1 in US and Europe, HIV-2 in West Africa
Transmitted by sexual contact and IV drug use, can be transmitted across placenta and in breast milk
35
Life cycle of HIV
HIV attaches and enters cell by endocytosis, uncoats and synthesizes DNA, integrates and then synthesizes RNA, releases from cell and assembles and matures
Causes AIDS, replicates only in humans and destroys immune system
36
DNA Virus: Adenoviridae
naked polyhedral capsid with SPIKES
Common Cold -spread via respiratory droplets
37
Herpes 1
*cold sore, fever blister*
, ocular herpes (latent recurrence)
38
Herpes 2
simple
genital herpes
39
Herpes 3
```
Varicella = chickenpox
Zoster = shingles
```
40
Herpes 4
*Epstein- Barr = mono*
4 presentations by immune response:
1. lacking = oral hairy leukoplakia
2. poor = bukitts syndrome (neck tumor)
3. Normal = asymptomatic
4. vigorous = infectious mononucleosis
41
Herpes 5
*Cytolomegalovirus*
abnormally enlarged cells and inclusions in nuclei of infected cells
fetus, newborns, immunodeficient develop complications
owls eye inclusion cells
usually asymptomatic
birth defects in fetus
AIDS = pneumonia, blindness, mononucleosis
42
Herpes 6
*Roseola*
link to MS and AIDS susseptibility
43
Herpes 7
orphan virus, does not cause disease
44
Herpes 8
Kaposi's Sarcoma in AIDS patients
not found in healthy people
45
Hepadnaviridae
*ONLY DNA virus causing HEPATITIS B*
46
Papilloma
*warts, genital warts, cervical cancer*
47
Parvoviridae
*(only) SINGLE ssDNA
| and causes 5th disease*
48
Poxviridae characteristics
*brick shaped and very large. mylacosoma continuosum; bumps that spread when scratched*
49
Arenavirdae
*causes hemmorrahgic fevers like lassavirus, juninvirus*
50
Bunyaviridae
* caused by deer mice and inhaling infected droppings*
| * causes hauntavirus pulmonary syndrome*
51
Coronaviridae
*Common cold
| SARS/MERS*
52
Caliciviridae
*Norovirus, 2x as many gastro issues as all protoza combined*
53
Flaviviridae
*causes dengue and yellow fever*
54
Filoviridae
*Ebolavirus
| Marburgvirus*
55
Orthomyxoviridae
* Influenza*
* antigenic shift = H or N changes suddenly*
* antigenic drift = gradual new strains being produced*
56
Paramyxoviridae
*mumps, measles, and RSV*
57
Retroviridae
*HIV. genome is RNA and uses reverse transciptase to become DNA*
58
Rhabdoviridae
*bullet shaped, causes nyg... bodies in the brain, rabies*
59
Togavirdae
*rubella virus*
60
Which of the following industrial products would be classified as a secondary metabolite:
penicillan
61
In a traditional sewage treatment facility, the treatment of sludge usually involves:
Anaerobic digestion and the production of methane.
62
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that drinking water have a count of
0 coliform bacteria per 100 ml.
63
Known bioterrorist agents are:
Human, animal and plant pathogens
64
Natural fermentation of corn, grass, or grain stocks
silage
65
fruit solids and juices related to wine production
must
66
sugary liquid from malted barley that is fermented in beer production
wort
67
dried germinated barley
Malt
68
liquid waste from cheese production
whey
69
a positive MUG test indicates, most specifically, the presence of:
e.coli
70
Mycobacterium
acid-fast rods no cell wall
71
Leprosy
*Hansen's disease caused by mycobacterium*
72
Mycobacterium ulcerans
*Buruli ulcer, acid fast*
73
Cutibacterium
Acne
74
Actinomyces
*found in soil, in mouth. cause cavities in root of teeth. produce molar shaped colonies*
75
Streptomyces
Filamentous branching gram-positive soil bacilli; non-pathogenic, but make most of our useful antibiotics.
76
Extracellular state of viruses
Called virion
Protein coat (capsid) surrounding nucleic acid
Nucleic acid and capsid together are called the nucleocapsid
Some have phospholipid envelope
Outermost layer provides protection and recognition sites for host cells
77
Intracellular state of viruses
Capsid removed
| Virus exists as nucleic acid
78
How are viruses distinguished
```
Type of genetic material they contain
Kinds of cells they attack (host range)
Size of virus
Nature of capsid coat
Shape of virus
Presence or absence of envelope
```
79
virus envelope
Acquired from host cell during viral replication or release; envelope is portion of membrane system of host
Composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins; some proteins are virally-coded glycoproteins
80
Viral replication
Replication cycle usually results in death and lysis of host cell → lytic replication
```
Attachment
Entry
Synthesis
Assembly
Release
```
81
viriod
circular pieces of RNA that are infectious and pathogenic in plants
82
Orientia tsutsugamushi
*scrub typhus*
83
Trachoma
chlyamydia
Leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in humans
84
*Treponema species*
T. pallidum pallidum causes the STI syphilis
T. pallidum endemicum causes bejel = lesions around mouth caused by infected utensils
T. pallidum pertenue causes yaws = skin lesions, bacteria spreads from fluids from lesions
T. carateum causes pinta = skin disease
85
Treponema pallidum
SYPHILLIS
via sexual contact or mother to fetus
primary (chancre), secondary (rash), teritiary (gumma)
congenital = snuffles, hutchinsons teeth, saber shin, saddle-nose
86
____ can be used in degradation of crude oil
pseudomonas
87
brandy
*distillation of wine*
88
beer
*wort and hops*
89
cheese
*use renin*
90
vinegar
*alchohol over beachwood shavings*
91
silage
corn, grains, vegetation
| naturally occuring bacteria
92
wine
*use must; solid part of the grapes. You have to remove it*
93
whiskey
*distillation of malt brews/grains*
```
rye = 51% rye
bourbon = 51% corn
scotch = 51% barley
```
94
primary metabolites
Produced during active growth and metabolism
| Either required for the production of new organisms or are by-products of active metabolism
95
secondary metabolites
*produced in stress situations, pencillum*
96
important step in animal replication
uncoating
97
most virions contain
ribosomes
98
rotavirus
diarrhea) = kids
| cause death because they are dehydrated
99
Proteus species
are highly motile (swarming on agar) because they have tails. causes UTIs
