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FALL 2020 > MMBIO FINAL > Flashcards

MMBIO FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

The three types of antigens that are used to serotype enteric bacteria

A

O-outer membrane
K-capsular antigens
H-flagellar antigens

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2
Q

Brucella melitensis

A

malta fever, bangs disease or undualt fever. CDC but not tier one

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3
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

whooping cough

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4
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

clinically significant stict aerobe that causes abdominal

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5
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

spirochete

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6
Q

Burkholderia Pseudomallei

A

agent of melioidosis, vietnam time bomb

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7
Q

Burkholderia Mallei

A

etiologic agent of glanders in horses

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8
Q

Bartonella quintana

A

trench fever

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9
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

cat scratch fever

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10
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

legions of blue green pus

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11
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

infection of the gallblader that leads to a carrier state, typhoid mary

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12
Q

N. Gonorrhoeae

A

mother has active case, can cause blindness in newborn baby. Silver nitrate is put into eyes of newborns.

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13
Q

Enterobacteriaceae shigella:

A

cause of bacillary dysentery

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14
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki

A

epidemic typhus

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15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

can cause blindness

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16
Q

three stages of STI chlamydia

A

initial: lesion at infection site, heals rapidly
second stage: buboes develop
third stage: (not all cases) genital sores, genital elephantiasis

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17
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

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18
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

A

causes disease in parrots

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19
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

mirroring typhus tranmistted by fleas

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20
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

Causes Q fever, most common among ranchers, vets, and food handlers
CDC select agent

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21
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

causes liver and kidney disease. can get it from ingesting mouse urine

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22
Q

Borellia burgdorferi

A

causes Lyme Disease

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23
Q

Camplylocbacter jejuni

A

most common cause of bacterial GASTROENTERITIS in the US

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24
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

peptic ulcers and gastritis

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25
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

bubonic plague

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26
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

wide host range. shipping fever in cattle and chloera in birds

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27
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

rabbit fever. precise conditions to grow in the lab

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28
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

causes pneumonia, lives in the dirt. unknown until the 60s

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29
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

otitis media, meningitis, epiglottis. x and v factors for growth

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30
Q

A. actinomycetemcomitans

A

associated with localized aggressive juvenile periodontitis

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31
Q

Prevotella intermedia

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG or NUG)

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32
Q

Diseases and unique characteristics of the hepatitis D virus (Deltavirus)

A

satellite virus, coinfects with Hep B. All hepatitis infected by body fluids*

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33
Q

Definition of Arbovirus and major examples

A

Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks) (SARS would not be an example)

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34
Q

HIV factors involved in infection and progression

A

Retrovirus
Originally called HTLV-3

Infects Helper T cells, found in body fluids
2 types: HIV-1 in US and Europe, HIV-2 in West Africa

Transmitted by sexual contact and IV drug use, can be transmitted across placenta and in breast milk

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35
Q

Life cycle of HIV

A

HIV attaches and enters cell by endocytosis, uncoats and synthesizes DNA, integrates and then synthesizes RNA, releases from cell and assembles and matures
Causes AIDS, replicates only in humans and destroys immune system

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36
Q

DNA Virus: Adenoviridae

A

naked polyhedral capsid with SPIKES

Common Cold -spread via respiratory droplets

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37
Q

Herpes 1

A

cold sore, fever blister

, ocular herpes (latent recurrence)

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38
Q

Herpes 2

A

simple

genital herpes

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39
Q

Herpes 3

A 
Varicella = chickenpox
Zoster = shingles
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40
Q

Herpes 4

A

Epstein- Barr = mono

4 presentations by immune response:

  1. lacking = oral hairy leukoplakia
  2. poor = bukitts syndrome (neck tumor)
  3. Normal = asymptomatic
  4. vigorous = infectious mononucleosis
41
Q

Herpes 5

A

Cytolomegalovirus

abnormally enlarged cells and inclusions in nuclei of infected cells

fetus, newborns, immunodeficient develop complications

owls eye inclusion cells

usually asymptomatic
birth defects in fetus
AIDS = pneumonia, blindness, mononucleosis

42
Q

Herpes 6

A

Roseola

link to MS and AIDS susseptibility

43
Q

Herpes 7

A

orphan virus, does not cause disease

44
Q

Herpes 8

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma in AIDS patients

not found in healthy people

45
Q

Hepadnaviridae

A

ONLY DNA virus causing HEPATITIS B

46
Q

Papilloma

A

warts, genital warts, cervical cancer

47
Q

Parvoviridae

A

*(only) SINGLE ssDNA

and causes 5th disease*

48
Q

Poxviridae characteristics

A

brick shaped and very large. mylacosoma continuosum; bumps that spread when scratched

49
Q

Arenavirdae

A

causes hemmorrahgic fevers like lassavirus, juninvirus

50
Q

Bunyaviridae

A
  • caused by deer mice and inhaling infected droppings*

* causes hauntavirus pulmonary syndrome*

51
Q

Coronaviridae

A

*Common cold

SARS/MERS*

52
Q

Caliciviridae

A

Norovirus, 2x as many gastro issues as all protoza combined

53
Q

Flaviviridae

A

causes dengue and yellow fever

54
Q

Filoviridae

A

*Ebolavirus

Marburgvirus*

55
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A
  • Influenza*
  • antigenic shift = H or N changes suddenly*
  • antigenic drift = gradual new strains being produced*
56
Q

Paramyxoviridae

A

mumps, measles, and RSV

57
Q

Retroviridae

A

HIV. genome is RNA and uses reverse transciptase to become DNA

58
Q

Rhabdoviridae

A

bullet shaped, causes nyg… bodies in the brain, rabies

59
Q

Togavirdae

A

rubella virus

60
Q

Which of the following industrial products would be classified as a secondary metabolite:

A

penicillan

61
Q

In a traditional sewage treatment facility, the treatment of sludge usually involves:

A

Anaerobic digestion and the production of methane.

62
Q

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that drinking water have a count of

A

0 coliform bacteria per 100 ml.

63
Q

Known bioterrorist agents are:

A

Human, animal and plant pathogens

64
Q

Natural fermentation of corn, grass, or grain stocks

A

silage

65
Q

fruit solids and juices related to wine production

A

must

66
Q

sugary liquid from malted barley that is fermented in beer production

A

wort

67
Q

dried germinated barley

A

Malt

68
Q

liquid waste from cheese production

A

whey

69
Q

a positive MUG test indicates, most specifically, the presence of:

A

e.coli

70
Q

Mycobacterium

A

acid-fast rods no cell wall

71
Q

Leprosy

A

Hansen’s disease caused by mycobacterium

72
Q

Mycobacterium ulcerans

A

Buruli ulcer, acid fast

73
Q

Cutibacterium

A

Acne

74
Q

Actinomyces

A

found in soil, in mouth. cause cavities in root of teeth. produce molar shaped colonies

75
Q

Streptomyces

A

Filamentous branching gram-positive soil bacilli; non-pathogenic, but make most of our useful antibiotics.

76
Q

Extracellular state of viruses

A

Called virion
Protein coat (capsid) surrounding nucleic acid
Nucleic acid and capsid together are called the nucleocapsid
Some have phospholipid envelope
Outermost layer provides protection and recognition sites for host cells

77
Q

Intracellular state of viruses

A

Capsid removed

Virus exists as nucleic acid

78
Q

How are viruses distinguished

A 
Type of genetic material they contain
Kinds of cells they attack (host range)
Size of virus
Nature of capsid coat
Shape of virus
Presence or absence of envelope
79
Q

virus envelope

A

Acquired from host cell during viral replication or release; envelope is portion of membrane system of host

Composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins; some proteins are virally-coded glycoproteins

80
Q

Viral replication

A

Replication cycle usually results in death and lysis of host cell → lytic replication

Attachment
Entry
Synthesis
Assembly
Release
81
Q

viriod

A

circular pieces of RNA that are infectious and pathogenic in plants

82
Q

Orientia tsutsugamushi

A

scrub typhus

83
Q

Trachoma

A

chlyamydia

Leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in humans

84
Q

Treponema species

A

T. pallidum pallidum causes the STI syphilis

T. pallidum endemicum causes bejel = lesions around mouth caused by infected utensils

T. pallidum pertenue causes yaws = skin lesions, bacteria spreads from fluids from lesions

T. carateum causes pinta = skin disease

85
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

SYPHILLIS

via sexual contact or mother to fetus

primary (chancre), secondary (rash), teritiary (gumma)

congenital = snuffles, hutchinsons teeth, saber shin, saddle-nose

86
Q

____ can be used in degradation of crude oil

A

pseudomonas

87
Q

brandy

A

distillation of wine

88
Q

beer

A

wort and hops

89
Q

cheese

A

use renin

90
Q

vinegar

A

alchohol over beachwood shavings

91
Q

silage

A

corn, grains, vegetation

naturally occuring bacteria

92
Q

wine

A

use must; solid part of the grapes. You have to remove it

93
Q

whiskey

A

distillation of malt brews/grains

rye = 51% rye
bourbon = 51% corn
scotch = 51% barley
94
Q

primary metabolites

A

Produced during active growth and metabolism

Either required for the production of new organisms or are by-products of active metabolism

95
Q

secondary metabolites

A

produced in stress situations, pencillum

96
Q

important step in animal replication

A

uncoating

97
Q

most virions contain

A

ribosomes

98
Q

rotavirus

A

diarrhea) = kids

cause death because they are dehydrated

99
Q

Proteus species

A

are highly motile (swarming on agar) because they have tails. causes UTIs

FALL 2020 (2 decks)

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