MMBIO FINAL Flashcards
The three types of antigens that are used to serotype enteric bacteria
O-outer membrane
K-capsular antigens
H-flagellar antigens
Brucella melitensis
malta fever, bangs disease or undualt fever. CDC but not tier one
Bordetella pertussis
whooping cough
Bacteroides fragilis
clinically significant stict aerobe that causes abdominal
Borrelia recurrentis
spirochete
Burkholderia Pseudomallei
agent of melioidosis, vietnam time bomb
Burkholderia Mallei
etiologic agent of glanders in horses
Bartonella quintana
trench fever
Bartonella henselae
cat scratch fever
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
legions of blue green pus
Salmonella typhi
infection of the gallblader that leads to a carrier state, typhoid mary
N. Gonorrhoeae
mother has active case, can cause blindness in newborn baby. Silver nitrate is put into eyes of newborns.
Enterobacteriaceae shigella:
cause of bacillary dysentery
Rickettsia prowazeki
epidemic typhus
Chlamydia trachomatis
can cause blindness
three stages of STI chlamydia
initial: lesion at infection site, heals rapidly
second stage: buboes develop
third stage: (not all cases) genital sores, genital elephantiasis
Rickettsia rickettsii
rocky mountain spotted fever
Chlamydophila psittaci
causes disease in parrots
Rickettsia typhi
mirroring typhus tranmistted by fleas
Coxiella burnetii
Causes Q fever, most common among ranchers, vets, and food handlers
CDC select agent
Leptospira interrogans
causes liver and kidney disease. can get it from ingesting mouse urine
Borellia burgdorferi
causes Lyme Disease
Camplylocbacter jejuni
most common cause of bacterial GASTROENTERITIS in the US
Helicobacter pylori
peptic ulcers and gastritis
Yersinia pestis
bubonic plague
Pasteurella multocida
wide host range. shipping fever in cattle and chloera in birds
Francisella tularensis
rabbit fever. precise conditions to grow in the lab
Legionella pneumophila
causes pneumonia, lives in the dirt. unknown until the 60s
Haemophilus influenzae
otitis media, meningitis, epiglottis. x and v factors for growth
A. actinomycetemcomitans
associated with localized aggressive juvenile periodontitis
Prevotella intermedia
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG or NUG)
Diseases and unique characteristics of the hepatitis D virus (Deltavirus)
satellite virus, coinfects with Hep B. All hepatitis infected by body fluids*
Definition of Arbovirus and major examples
Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks) (SARS would not be an example)
HIV factors involved in infection and progression
Retrovirus
Originally called HTLV-3
Infects Helper T cells, found in body fluids
2 types: HIV-1 in US and Europe, HIV-2 in West Africa
Transmitted by sexual contact and IV drug use, can be transmitted across placenta and in breast milk
Life cycle of HIV
HIV attaches and enters cell by endocytosis, uncoats and synthesizes DNA, integrates and then synthesizes RNA, releases from cell and assembles and matures
Causes AIDS, replicates only in humans and destroys immune system
DNA Virus: Adenoviridae
naked polyhedral capsid with SPIKES
Common Cold -spread via respiratory droplets
Herpes 1
cold sore, fever blister
, ocular herpes (latent recurrence)
Herpes 2
simple
genital herpes
Herpes 3
Varicella = chickenpox Zoster = shingles
Herpes 4
Epstein- Barr = mono
4 presentations by immune response:
- lacking = oral hairy leukoplakia
- poor = bukitts syndrome (neck tumor)
- Normal = asymptomatic
- vigorous = infectious mononucleosis
Herpes 5
Cytolomegalovirus
abnormally enlarged cells and inclusions in nuclei of infected cells
fetus, newborns, immunodeficient develop complications
owls eye inclusion cells
usually asymptomatic
birth defects in fetus
AIDS = pneumonia, blindness, mononucleosis
Herpes 6
Roseola
link to MS and AIDS susseptibility
Herpes 7
orphan virus, does not cause disease
Herpes 8
Kaposi’s Sarcoma in AIDS patients
not found in healthy people
Hepadnaviridae
ONLY DNA virus causing HEPATITIS B
Papilloma
warts, genital warts, cervical cancer
Parvoviridae
*(only) SINGLE ssDNA
and causes 5th disease*
Poxviridae characteristics
brick shaped and very large. mylacosoma continuosum; bumps that spread when scratched
Arenavirdae
causes hemmorrahgic fevers like lassavirus, juninvirus
Bunyaviridae
- caused by deer mice and inhaling infected droppings*
* causes hauntavirus pulmonary syndrome*
Coronaviridae
*Common cold
SARS/MERS*
Caliciviridae
Norovirus, 2x as many gastro issues as all protoza combined
Flaviviridae
causes dengue and yellow fever
Filoviridae
*Ebolavirus
Marburgvirus*
Orthomyxoviridae
- Influenza*
- antigenic shift = H or N changes suddenly*
- antigenic drift = gradual new strains being produced*
Paramyxoviridae
mumps, measles, and RSV
Retroviridae
HIV. genome is RNA and uses reverse transciptase to become DNA
Rhabdoviridae
bullet shaped, causes nyg… bodies in the brain, rabies
Togavirdae
rubella virus
Which of the following industrial products would be classified as a secondary metabolite:
penicillan
In a traditional sewage treatment facility, the treatment of sludge usually involves:
Anaerobic digestion and the production of methane.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that drinking water have a count of
0 coliform bacteria per 100 ml.
Known bioterrorist agents are:
Human, animal and plant pathogens
Natural fermentation of corn, grass, or grain stocks
silage
fruit solids and juices related to wine production
must
sugary liquid from malted barley that is fermented in beer production
wort
dried germinated barley
Malt
liquid waste from cheese production
whey
a positive MUG test indicates, most specifically, the presence of:
e.coli
Mycobacterium
acid-fast rods no cell wall
Leprosy
Hansen’s disease caused by mycobacterium
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Buruli ulcer, acid fast
Cutibacterium
Acne
Actinomyces
found in soil, in mouth. cause cavities in root of teeth. produce molar shaped colonies
Streptomyces
Filamentous branching gram-positive soil bacilli; non-pathogenic, but make most of our useful antibiotics.
Extracellular state of viruses
Called virion
Protein coat (capsid) surrounding nucleic acid
Nucleic acid and capsid together are called the nucleocapsid
Some have phospholipid envelope
Outermost layer provides protection and recognition sites for host cells
Intracellular state of viruses
Capsid removed
Virus exists as nucleic acid
How are viruses distinguished
Type of genetic material they contain Kinds of cells they attack (host range) Size of virus Nature of capsid coat Shape of virus Presence or absence of envelope
virus envelope
Acquired from host cell during viral replication or release; envelope is portion of membrane system of host
Composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins; some proteins are virally-coded glycoproteins
Viral replication
Replication cycle usually results in death and lysis of host cell → lytic replication
Attachment Entry Synthesis Assembly Release
viriod
circular pieces of RNA that are infectious and pathogenic in plants
Orientia tsutsugamushi
scrub typhus
Trachoma
chlyamydia
Leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in humans
Treponema species
T. pallidum pallidum causes the STI syphilis
T. pallidum endemicum causes bejel = lesions around mouth caused by infected utensils
T. pallidum pertenue causes yaws = skin lesions, bacteria spreads from fluids from lesions
T. carateum causes pinta = skin disease
Treponema pallidum
SYPHILLIS
via sexual contact or mother to fetus
primary (chancre), secondary (rash), teritiary (gumma)
congenital = snuffles, hutchinsons teeth, saber shin, saddle-nose
____ can be used in degradation of crude oil
pseudomonas
brandy
distillation of wine
beer
wort and hops
cheese
use renin
vinegar
alchohol over beachwood shavings
silage
corn, grains, vegetation
naturally occuring bacteria
wine
use must; solid part of the grapes. You have to remove it
whiskey
distillation of malt brews/grains
rye = 51% rye bourbon = 51% corn scotch = 51% barley
primary metabolites
Produced during active growth and metabolism
Either required for the production of new organisms or are by-products of active metabolism
secondary metabolites
produced in stress situations, pencillum
important step in animal replication
uncoating
most virions contain
ribosomes
rotavirus
diarrhea) = kids
cause death because they are dehydrated
Proteus species
are highly motile (swarming on agar) because they have tails. causes UTIs
