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MIDTERMS > MLT Midterm Exam > Flashcards

MLT Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ratio of anticoagulant to blood in the light blue tube?

A

1:9

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2
Q

How is clotted blood obtained?

A

By using a tube to which an anticoagulant has not been added

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3
Q

If a physician calls for 4ml of serum what size and color of vacuum tube should be selected?

A

10mm, SST tube

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4
Q

After drawing blood for 4 ml of serum in an SST tube, what is the next immediate step?

A

Gently invert the tube 5 times

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5
Q

What is the consequence of a fibrin clot forming in the serum layer of a red top tube?

A

It will lead to inaccurate test results during analysis

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6
Q

What should be done if RBC’s enter the pipette while pipetting serum from a plain red top tube?

A

Re-centrifuge the specimen

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7
Q

Which of the following tests would NOT be performed on a plasma or serum sample:

  • Iron
  • Lipid assessment
  • Hemoglobin
A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis (separation of hgb and proteins)

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8
Q

What will happen if the needle is less than 15 degrees when performing venipuncture?

A

The needle may enter above the vein and not puncture it

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9
Q

What part of hemoglobin is essential to its oxygen-carrying capacity?

A

Heme

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10
Q

Define poikilocytosis

A

an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape

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11
Q

Define hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation

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12
Q

What is the function of RBC?

A

Transportation

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13
Q

What is included on a CBC test?

A

WBC count, WBC differential, RBC count, hematocrit, hgb, RBC indices

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14
Q

What is the most sensitive organ in the body?

A

Eyes

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15
Q

What are the three components of WHMIS?

A

Labels, SDS, Worker education and training

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16
Q

What is the function of WHMIS?

A

To protect workers in the workplace

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17
Q

Tissue that protects body?

A

Epithelial tissue

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18
Q

What does TD inscribed on a pipette indicate?

What is the function of a TD pipette?

A

To-deliver

For non-critical measurements. It’s filled properly and allowed to drain completely into a receiving vessel

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19
Q

What does TC inscribed on a pipette indicate?

What is the function of a TC pipette?

A

To-contain

For critical measurements, rinse out with solvent, most accurate with small volumes

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20
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the lavender tube?

A

EDTA

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21
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the light blue tube?

A

Sodium citrate

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22
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the green tube?

A

Heparin

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23
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the grey tube?

A

Potassium oxalate

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24
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the black tube?

A

Buffered sodium citrate

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25
Q

What is sodium fluoride and where can we find it? It’s function?

A

It’s a preservative in the grey tube that helps prevent glycolysis

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26
Q

What is the normal range of pH buffer solution of the Wright’s stain?

A

6.4-6.7

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27
Q

What is the name of immature WBC?

A

band or stab

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28
Q

How many minutes do you centrifuge a hematocrit?

A

5 minutes

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29
Q

What is the speed of the centrifuge?

A

10,000 - 12,000 rpm

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30
Q

What color ring does a tube for venous blood have?

A

Blue ring

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31
Q

What color ring do tubes that are heparinized have?

A

Red and green ring

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32
Q

ESR normal range for males and females?

A

Female: 0-20 mm/hr
Male: 0-15 mm/hr

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33
Q

When performing venipuncture what is the area cleansed with?

A

70% alcohol

34
Q

What is the remedy if the blood smear is too thick?

A

use a smaller drop of blood, faster spread, decreased angle

35
Q

What is the remedy if the blood smear is too thin?

A

use a larger drop of blood, slower spread, increased angle

36
Q

What is the formula to calculate cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

37
Q

What factors do MOs need to grow?

A

proper nutrition, oxygen, body temperature, darkness, moisture, neutral pH

38
Q

What happens during the sterilization process?

A

all MOs and spores are killed

39
Q

Depth of lancets for newborns?

A

0.85 - 1.0 mm

40
Q

How many times should you invert the following blood tubes:
Lavender/Grey/Green
Light blue
SST/Plain red/red grey

A

8-10
3-4
5

41
Q

What does the prefix DYS mean

A

abnormal

42
Q

What does the suffix ALGIA mean

A

pain

43
Q

What does the suffix GRAM, GRAPH, GRAPHY mean?

A

record
machine
process

44
Q

What does the suffix MEGALY mean?

A

enlargement

45
Q

What does the root word COSTO mean?

A

rib

46
Q

What does the root word MYELO mean?

A

marrow

47
Q

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

A

supports and protects the body, reservoir for minerals

48
Q

What is the main function of the muscular system?

A

to produce movement

49
Q

What is the main function of the skin system?

A

aids in body heat loss/retention, synthesizes vitamin D, barrier

50
Q

What is the main function of the digestive system?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, defecation

51
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchanges between blood and external environment; passageways to the lungs purify, humidify, and warm incoming air

52
Q

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

A

Releases hormones into the blood, makes the chemical chemistry of the body

53
Q

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

A

to ensure survival of the species

54
Q

What is the main function of the urinary system?

A

to produce, store, and eliminate urine

55
Q

What is the main function of the nervous system?

A

sensory input to gather information, integration, motor output

56
Q

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

A

body defense and resistance to disease

57
Q

What is the meaning of “many layers”?

A

Stratified

58
Q

Define keratin

A

tough, insoluble protein found in tissues such as hair, nails, and skin

59
Q

What is the most abundant immunoglobulin?

A

IgG

60
Q

Gross anatomy of the cell

A

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

61
Q

What are the imaginary body planes?

A

Midsaggital, saggital, transverse, frontal

62
Q

Define arteriosclerosis

A

thickening of the walls of the smaller arteries

63
Q

What is a myelogram?

A

injection of contrast media into the spine

64
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles that creates wave-like motions

65
Q

What does cystocentesis mean?

A

the process of getting urine from the bladder for analysis

66
Q

List the disinfectants used in the lab:

A

1% sodium hypochlorite (for benches, desks, toilets but NOTHING METALLIC)
10% sodium hypochlorite (for blood spills)
70% isopropyl alcohol (for any instrument that doesn’t pierce the skin)
2% glutaraldehyde (for metallic surfaces)

67
Q

List antiseptics used in the lab:

A 
70% isopropyl alcohol (to decontaminate the skin during phlebotomy)
Povidone Iodine (to destroy HIV)
Chlorhexidine (used in case patient is allergic to iodine)
68
Q

Where are antigens located?

A

Surface of red blood cells

69
Q

Where are antibodies located?

A

in the plasma

70
Q

What are the dorsal membranes?

A

Meninges

71
Q

Define mitosis

A

Cell division

72
Q

Define osmosis

A

movement of water molecules across semi-permeable membranes

73
Q

Define anabolism, catabolism, metabolism

A
  • chemical reaction where larger molecules are built from smaller ones
  • chemical reaction where substances are broken down to simpler substances
  • the chemical process that changes food into energy
74
Q

Which test result would be increased if the SST should stay standing for a long time before centrifugation

A

Potassium (K)

75
Q

What test is sensitive to the light?

A

bilirubin

76
Q

Rhythm strip on an ECG recording is represented by?

A

Lead II

77
Q

What are the WHMIS symbols?

A 
Class A - compressed gases
Class B - flammable and combustible
Class C - oxidizing materials
Class D - poisonous and infectious materials
Class E - corrosive materials
Class F - reactive materials
78
Q

What is the pattern of blood flow through the heart?

A 
From the vena cava
To right atrium
Through tricuspid valve
Into right ventricle
Into the pulmonary semi-lunar valve
Into pulmonary arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Through bicuspid valve
Into left ventricle
Into aortic semi-lunar valve
Aorta
Rest of the body
79
Q

What are the steps to performing venipuncture?

A
  • Introduce yourself and ask the patient to state their full name
  • Make sure the name matches the form
  • Ask whether patient has allergies or phobia of blood/needles
  • Reassure patient if need be
  • Place a clean paper towel under patient’s arm
  • Explain the test and obtain verbal consent
  • Anchor the vein by holding the patient’s arm and placing a thumb below the venipuncture site
  • Ask the patient to form a fist so you can see the veins better, palpate with gloved hands
  • Enter the vein swiftly at a 15-30 degree angle
  • Once sufficient blood has been collected, release the tourniquet before withdrawing the needle
  • Withdraw the needle gently and apply gentle pressure to the site with clean cotton ball with the arm extended and raised.
  • Make sure patient is okay to leave
80
Q

How do you prepare a blood specimen for transfer to public health?

A
  • Obtain verbal consent from the patient before blood collection
  • Collect the specimen in a plain red tube
  • Handle specimen according to SOPs and place into a biohazard leak proof bag
  • Store the specimen in the appropriate temperature and wait for the courier to pick it up
  • Place the patient’s requisition in the bag

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