MLT 135 Flashcards
A 25-year-old female collects a routine urine sample as part of her yearly physical. She is an otherwise healthy individual and has no complaints or medical issues, yet her urinalysis report reveals the following results: Color: RED with obvious CLOTS and >100 RBC/HPF. This result could be due to:
contamination from vaginal bleeding
A brown or black pigment in urine can be associated with:
melanin
A clean catch urine is properly transported to the laboratory and refrigerated for an hour. The urine is cloudy and there is a large amount of pink precipitate at the bottom of the tube after centrifugation. The following image shows the microscopic results of this acidic urine. The most likely element is:
amorphous urates
A false-negative leukocyte esterase test may be caused by:
ascorbic acid.
A negative glucose oxidase test and a positive test for reducing sugars (Clinitest) indicates:
the presence of a nonglucose reducing sugar such as galactose.
A nonpathologic cause of urine turbidity is:
squamous epithelial cells
A pale yellow urine may be associated with:
high fluid intake.
A reagent strip pad that is impregnated with stabilized, diazotized 2,4-dichloroaniline will yield a positive reaction with:
bilirubin.
A vegetarian diet often results in an:
alkaline urine.
Acute glomerulonephritis is most commonly associated with:
Group A streptococci.
All of the following may result in a false-negative nitrite test except:
Gram-negative bacteria.
Antidiuretic hormone regulates the reabsorption of:
water.
Glomerular filtration occurs in the:
glomerulus.
Isosthenuria is associated with a specific gravity that is usually:
fixed around 1.010.
Oval fat bodies in the urine sediment are a characteristic feature of patients with:
nephrotic syndrome.
Protein is detected by precipitation with which acid?
Sulfosalicylic acid
Specific gravity is valuable in diagnosing the following conditions except:
diabetes mellitus
The clarity of a urine sample should be determined:
after thorough mixing of the specimen.
The elements that may be seen microscopically in a urine sample with a moderate to high amount of protein measured by dipstick are most likely:
hyaline casts
The following image is from urine collected by a 38-year-old female in her third trimester of pregnancy. She is considered at risk for preeclampsia, which is a secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome. The inclusions in the element seen will have Maltese Cross formation when viewed with polarizing microscopy. The element in the image is:
an oval fat body.
The functional unit of the kidney is called a:
nephron
The most common source of false-negative glucose is:
improperly stored urine.
The mucoprotein that forms the matrix of a hyaline cast is called:
Uromodulin
The normal threshold for glucose in adults is approximately:
160 mg/dL.
The optimal conditions for viewing the physical characteristics of urine include all of the following except:
viewing against a dark background.
The pH of urine is affected by:
-the age of the specimen.
-a urinary tract infection.
-acid base content of the blood.
The primary component of most urinary calculi is:
calcium
The urine for reagent strip examination should be all of the following except:
centrifuged
Urine sediment characterized by pyuria with bacterial and WBC casts indicates:
pyelonephritis
What abnormal crystals are seen in urine of acid or neutral pH and appear as needles or small spikey spheres?
Bilirubin
When examining urinary sediment, which of the following is considered an abnormal finding?
0-1 renal cell casts / LPF
Which of the following aids in the differentiation of hemoglobinuria and hematuria?
Microscopic examination
Which of the following best describes the practice of universal precautions?
It is a practice described by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in which every clinical laboratory should treat all human blood and other potentially infectious material as if they were known to contain infectious agents such as HBV, HIV, and other bloodborne pathogens.
Which of the following crystals is considered nonpathological?
Ammonium biurate
Which of the following crystals is the cause of gout?
Uric acid or monosodium urate
Which of the following crystals may be found in normal acid urine?
Calcium oxalate
Which of the following does not measure nonionic solutes (e.g., glucose) when determining the specific gravity?
Reagent strip
Which of the following results are discrepant?
Negative blood but 5-10 RBCs/high power field (HPF)
Which urine color is correlated correctly with the pigment-producing substance?
Red urine with hemoglobin
With infections of the urinary system, white blood cells are frequently seen in the urine sediment. This type of WBC is:
neutrophil
Renal failure is categorized as a glomerular filtration rate of:
<15 mL/min.
The distance from the focal point to the center of the lens describes the:
focal length.
The elements that may be seen microscopically in a urine sample with a moderate to high amount of protein measured by dipstick are most likely:
hyaline casts.
The ratio of the size of the original image to the size of the image projected into the optical tube is:
the magnification factor of the objective.
Which of the following abnormal crystals is often associated with formation of renal calculi?
Cystine
Which of the following is the most common cause of Fanconi syndrome?
Cystinosis
Which of the following statements is false concerning the proper use of the microscope?
Use the objectives as “handles” to place them into use above the stage.
A white precipitate in a normal alkaline urine most likely is caused by:
amorphous phosphates
Sodium ions and protein molecules have the same effect when measuring urine concentration by:
osmolality
Which of the following statements about bilirubin is true?
bilirubin is a degradation product of heme catabolism
Crystals that resemble coffin lids and are found in alkaline urine are:
triple phosphate
A test area of the urine reagent strip that is impregnated with sodium nitroprusside will react with:
ketones
The chemical principle for measuring protein is based on:
protein error of pH indicators
glucose
Clinitest
ketones
Acetest
protein
SSA
bilirubin
Ictotest
urobilinogen
Watson Schwartz
A condition resulting in polyuria caused by inadequate levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is called?
diabetes insipidus
