MLC Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of motor skills

A

type of movement
Predictability of the environment
complexity of the task

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2
Q

Type of movement

A
gross motor skills
Fine motor skills
discrete skills 
Serial skills 
continuous skills
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3
Q

gross motor skills

A

Involve movement of major muscle groups resulting in large body part movement

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4
Q

fine motor skills

A

Involve movement of smaller muscle groups resulting in more precise movement

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5
Q

discrete skills

A

Have clear beginning and endings

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6
Q

serial skills

A

Made up of a number of discrete skills which are put together in a certain order

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7
Q

continuous skills

A

Do not have a clear beginning or ending and it is impossible to define exactly where the skill starts and where it stops

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8
Q

predictability of environment

A

Closed skills

open skills

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9
Q

Close skills

A

where performer has the greatest control over their performance environment and usually require repetition of a successful movement pattern

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10
Q

Open skills

A

where the performer is required to have flexibility and adaption in the execution of a skill under a constantly changing environment or time pressure

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11
Q

Complexity of task

A

simple skills

Complex skills

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12
Q

simple skills

A
Quickly learned 
no time pressure
One cue only 
no opposition 
(Eg. Hitting baseball on tee)
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13
Q

Complex skills

A

longer learning and practice time
Time pressure
many cues
(Eg. Hitting moving ball)

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14
Q

Fitts and Posner phases of motor learning

A

Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous

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15
Q

Cognitive stage

A

Trial and error
more concerned with what to do then how to do
Basic motor patterns
inconsistent performance

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16
Q

Associative

A

consistency improves
Size/frequency of errors decrease
Correcting errors/technique

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17
Q

Time in associative stage depends on:

A

task complexity
Level of ability
amount of practise
Amount and quality of feedback

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18
Q

autonomous stage

A
Movements are fluent 
increased speed/accuracy 
Attends to relevant cues only
performance is consistent 
Self corrects
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19
Q

cues

A

Stimulus perception which signal for action or give a hint how to respond in a particular circumstance

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20
Q

types of cues

A

Visual cues
verbal cues
Proprioceptive cues

21
Q

visual cues

A

Provides the performer with a piece of observable information that allows learner to determine and see what movement is required in the execution of the skill and the result of their performance

22
Q

verbal cues

A

Short concise task-oriented phrase which directs attention to the most important features in the environment, or prompts performers to attend to the key components in the task in order to enhance performance

23
Q

proprioceptive cues

A

Proprioceptors send information to the central nervous system detailing position, posture, equilibrium, and internal conditions of the body

24
Q

Information processing model of learning

A

Input
Processing
Output
Feedback

25
Input
information received by sensory system Detecting cues in environment much of info is discarded
26
Processing
information analysed, interpreted and response selected
27
Process sequential processes
perceptual mechanism/stimulus detection Decision making mechanism effector mechanism/ response selection
28
Output
selected movement is produced Nervous system and effector mechanism prepare to produce decision made. involves neuromuscular system producing movements required ti produce the selected response
29
Feedback
information about performance is received
30
hicks law
States the greater number of possibilities available to a performer, the longer it takes for them to react. more info = more time needed to process and make decision
31
Purpose of feedback
motivate the performer | Reinforce leaning and provide information
32
motivate the performer
They are more interested and involved in training persist longer in learning a skill Apply greater effort to learning a skill
33
reinforce learning
feedback can be used to reinforce learning or performance which increases the chances of the behaviour being repeated
34
Types of feedback
intrinsic | Extrinsic
35
intrinsic
Received from inside body
36
Extrinsic
received from outside body Categorised: knowledge of performance Knowledge of results
37
knowledge of performance
Subjective feedback that a performer receives regarding the quality of their movement or technique
38
knowledge of results
Objective feedback which provides the performer with information regarding the success of their performance in achieving a desired outcome
39
timing of extrinsic feedback
Concurrent extrinsic feedback | terminal extrinsic feedback
40
Concurrent extrinsic feedback
provided during the performance via the coach
41
Terminal extrinsic feedback
provided by an external source after the movement has been completed
42
Characteristics of feedback
``` general Specific constructive Destructive changeable Unchangeable ```
43
general
Contain no info
44
specific
Contains info
45
constructive
Recognises positive parts of the athletes behaviour and suggests further ways to improve
46
destructive
Provides no motivation or encouragement
47
changeable
Directed at behaviour that can be changed
48
unchangeable
``` Not changeable (eg. Too short to play) ```