MLAP REVIEW Flashcards
major extracellular cation
sodium
major intracellular cation
potassium
which of the following is the liver specific enzyme?
a. CK
b. ALP
c. ALT
d. AST
e. Lipase
c. ALT
true or false. hypoventilation will cause blood pH to decrease due to increased carbon dioxide
true
condition that is characterized by yellow skin
jaundice
which CK isoenzyme is also known as CK1?
a. CK
b. CK-MB
c. CK-MM
d. CK-BB
d. CK-BB
CK-BB = CK1 = brain type CK-MB = CK2 = hybrid type (heart) CK-MM = CK3 = muscle type
serum sodium and potassium level of patient with addison’s disease
low sodium, high potassium levels
addison’s disease - adrenal sufficiency (decreased production of aldosterone and cortisol)
compensatory mechanism of metabolic acidosis
decrease pCO2
color of the end product in Jendrassik-Grof method for bilirubin
blue
Jendrassik-Groff = blue Evelyn-Malloy = pink
immunoglobulin that is associated with macro-CK
E. IgG
when acute myocardial infarction occurs, in what order (first to last) does CK, AST, and LD is elevated first in serum?
a. LD, AST, CK
b. LD, CK, AST
c. CK, AST, LD
c. CK, AST, LD
first protein to increase in acute myocardial infarction
myoglobin
body system that is a network of ductless glands
endocrine system
how does endocrine system regulate different body processes?
hormones
endocrine vs exocrine glands
endocrine - ductless, secretes product directly in the blood stream
exocrine - have ducts
organ that have both exocrine and endocrine part
pancreas
exocrine part of pancreas
amylase and lipase
endocrine part of pancreas
insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
functions of hormones
maintain bodily functions
how are hormones produced?
- hypothalamus (releasing hormone)
- anterior pituitary (stimulating hormone)
- target gland (target gland hormone)
positive feedback mechanism
self-amplifying cycle
(meron ng hormone, dadagdagan pa ng body mo ang production)
applicable in: childbirth (oxytocin)
negative feedback mechanism
reverses changes (kapag mataas, babawasan, vice versa)
applicable in: blood glucose level
low bg - glucagon
high bg - insulin
storage of hormones
posterior pituitary gland
hormones of thyroid gland
follicular cells:
triiodothyronine (t3)
thyroxine (t4)
fxn: growth and metabolism
parafollicular cells:
calcitonin
fxn: calcium regulation (decreases calcium)
parathyroid hormone fxn:
calcium regulation (increases calcium)
2 parts of adrenal gland
cortex
medulla
cortex layers (gfr) and their hormones
zona glomerulosa - aldosterone
zona fasciculata - cortisol
zona reticularis - androgens (DHEA)
medulla hormones
norepinephrine
epinephrine
dopamine
gonads
testes - testosterone
ovaries - estrogen and progesterone
3 types of estrogen
E1 - estrone
E2 - estradiol
E3 - estriol
common in menopause
estrone
predominant in pregnancy
estriol
predominant in regular
estradiol
placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin
hCG fxn
maintains corpus luteum
2 subunits of hCG
alpha
beta
what subunit does pregnancy test kit detects
beta subunit (specific for hCG)
endocrine diagnostic tests
suppression test
normal response: decreased
diseases: increased
stimulation test
normal response: increased
diseases: decreased
what other hormones have a similarity with alpha subunit of hCG?
LH, TSH, and FSH
