MKSAP Nephro V Flashcards
It is recommended to start epo in CKD patients with anemia and adequate iron stores for goal Hgb ___ to ___
10 to 11.5
Chronic alcohol abuse results in excessive urinary excretion of _____ and appears to reflect a reversible alcohol-induced tubular dysfunction and leads to hypokalemia through inappropriate renal excretion of K.
magnesium
Intracellular magnesium is necessary to modulate the excretion of potassium through the potassium channel in the cortical collecting tubule. Hypomagnesemia results in loss of potassium through this channel.
In adults, most cases of infection-related glomerulonephritis are no longer _____, and the glomerulonephritis often coexists with the triggering infection.
poststreptococcal
In the developed world, the epidemiology of IRGN has drastically shifted over the past few decades, moving away from streptococcal-associated glomerulonephritides to infections caused primarily by S. aureus and, at a significantly lower rate, gram-negative bacteria. In a patient with cellulitis and IRGN occurring at the time of infection, S. aureus is the most likely culprit pathogen.
proliferative glomerulonephritis on light microscopy with immunofluorescence of C3 and IgA and subepithelial hump-like deposits on electron microscopy
infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN)
Recommendations state that antihypertensive drugs be initiated in patients ≥____years old if blood pressure is >150/90 mm Hg, with a goal of reducing systolic blood pressure to <150 mm Hg;
60 years old (AKA looser BP control in older people)
What kidney disease is associated with HCV?
An immune-complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
What kidney disease is associated with HIV?
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (more nephrotic)
What kidney disease is associated with HBV?
membranous glomerulopathy (more nephrotic)
What is lead nephropathy associated with?
hyperuricemia, hypertension, and recurrent gouty attacks.
How do you people with cadmium nephropathy present and what are risk factors?
Presentation: HTN, bone pain, CKD with hypercalciuria, osteomalacia, nephrolithiasis
Risk factors: prolonged exposure to plastic, metal, alloys, and electrical equipment manufacturing industries.
How do patients present witha nalgesic nephropathy?
Patients frequently present with nocturia, sterile pyuria, hypertension, anemia, and chronic tubulointerstitial disease.
Caused by long-term excessive ingestion of analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and phenacetin
Laxative abuse vs surreptitious vomiting acid-base differences
Laxative abuse: NAGMA
Surreptitious vomiting: metabolic alkalosis
Treatment of AIN
glucocorticoids
Hereditary nephritis is also known as
Alport syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hearing disorder)
Patients with diarrhea who are volume depleted and have a metabolic acidosis are at increased risk for developing kidney stones, particularly ____ stones and, less commonly, uric acid stones.
calcium oxalate
