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Dermatology > MKSAP Dermatology > Flashcards

MKSAP Dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Name at least 1 of the following: weak, low, medium topical steroids

A

Weak: hydrocortisone 1% or 2.5%
Low: desonide 0.05%, fluocinolone 0.01%, *triamcinolone 0.025%
Medium: *triamcinolone 0.1%, fluocinolone 0.025%, *betamethasone 0.1%, *fluticasone 0.05%, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%, hydrocortisone valerate 0.02%

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2
Q

Name 2 vitamin D analogues

A

Calcipotriene, Tacalcitol

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3
Q

Name 3 topical retinoids.

A

Tretinoin, Adapalene, Tazarotene

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4
Q

What are some treatment options for papulopustular rosacea? Name 3. What can be used to temporarily reduce erythema in rosacea?

A
  1. Topical metronidazole, azelaic acid, topical ivermectin; oral doxycycline
  2. Brimonidine, Oxymetazoline (alpha-2 agonists)
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5
Q

What are some treatment options for hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

Chlorhexidine washes, topical clindamycin, tetracyclines or combination of clindamycin + rifampin, adalimumab

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6
Q

What is the first line treatment for head or pubic lice, and what is the treatment for resistant lice?

A
  1. 1% permethrin cream rinse

2. 0.5% malathion

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7
Q

What structures are involved in first through fourth degree burns? Which ones do not have pain?

A

1st: epidermis
2nd: partial thickness has epidermis destroyed and partial dermis; full thickness has epidermis and dermis destroyed
3rd: epidermis, dermis, and fat
4th: epidermis, dermis, fat, muscle and/or bone
* Minimal pain in 3rd and 4th degree

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8
Q

How do you diagnose hereditary angioedema? Is it associated w/ hives?

A

C1 esterase inhibitor, C4 complement

It is NOT associated with hives

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9
Q

What are some conditions that can present w/ pruritis? Name 5.

A

Uremia, cholestatic hepatobiliary disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C, thyroid disease, polycythemia vera, lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma

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10
Q

What are some medications that can cause pruritis? Name 3.

A

Opiates, calcium channel blockers, HCTZ, NSAIDs

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11
Q

What is the treatment for contact dermatitis, including poison ivy?

A

2-3 week taper of systemic steroids; because of risk of rebound dermatitis shorter courses of steroids are not recommended

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12
Q

What medication can cause microtia, external ear canal stenosis, cleft palate, hydrocephalus, and cardiac outflow trace defects in pregnant women?

A

Isotretinoin

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13
Q

What medication can lead to acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and dental staining/enamel hypoplasia in the 2nd and 3rd trimester?

A

Tetracyclines

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14
Q

Which basal cell carcinoma presents as pearly/translucent nodule or papule w/ telangiectasias? Which presents as shiny blue-black papules, nodules, or plaques and is more common in patients w/ darker skin? Which presents w/ atrophic plaques or papules, and is the most aggressive? Which presents as a pink-red patch with or without scale?

A
  1. Nodular
  2. Pigmented
  3. Sclerotic
  4. Superficial
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15
Q

When can curettage & electrodessication be used for BCC? When can it not be used?

A

Superficial or nodulars BCC on the trunk
Cannot use for tumors >2 cm, those w/ poorly defined borders, recurrent or high-risk histologic subtypes, and those appearing in face, scalp, and eyelids

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16
Q

What are 2 topical chemo agents that can be used for superficial BCC? What agents are used for metastatic or inoperable BCC lesions?

A
  1. 5-FU or imiquimod

2. Vismodegib, Sonidegib (oral hedgehog pathway inhibitors)

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17
Q

Which melanoma presents w/ ill-defined asymmetric brown/black macules or patches and is more common in older patients? Which is the most common type? Which presents as blue-black, smooth or eroded nodules and is most aggressive? Which presents mostly on palms and soles, and is more common in darker skin?

A
  1. Lentigo maligna
  2. Superficial
  3. Nodular
  4. Acral lentiginous
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18
Q

What is the treatment of tinea on non-hair bearing skin? What is the treatment for tinea capitus, onychomycosis, and extensive tinea?

A
  1. Topical clotrimazole, terbinafine

2. Oral itraconazole, terbinafine

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19
Q

What antibodies are found in bullous pemphigoid? Pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  1. Antibodies against basement membrane (direct immunofluorescence shows linear IgG deposition at basement membrane)
  2. Antibodies against desmoglein (direct immunofluorescence shows intercellular IgG deposition)
    * Obtain perilesional skin biopsy for immunofluorescence
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20
Q

What are some drugs that can exacerbate psoriasis? Name 5.

A

Beta blockers, NSAIDs, ACEi, tetracyclines, lithium, steroids, antimalarial drugs

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21
Q

What type of psoriasis may present after beta hemolytic strep infection? What type can present after abrupt discontinuation of steroids, and what is the treatment? What type presents w/ red, thin plaques in the axillae, under the breasts or pannus, intergluteal cleft, and perineum?

A
  1. Guttate
  2. Pustular; Cyclosporine
  3. Inverse
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22
Q

Which of the following involves the scrotum? Tinea cruris vs. candida

A

Candida

Tinea does NOT

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23
Q

What is the treatment for tinea/pityriasis versicolor?

A

Topical ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione

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24
Q

When is a sentinel node lymph node biopsy needed in melanoma?

A

> 1 mm thick

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25
Q

What conditions are porphyria cutanea tarda associated with? Name 4. What is the treatment?

A
  1. Hepatitis C, HIV, hemochromatosis, excess alcohol, estrogen use, smoking
  2. Treat underlying condition; phlebotomy if iron overload; hydroxychloroquine
26
Q

What is the first step in working up the cause of erythema nodosum?

A

CXR to rule out lymphoma, sarcoidosis, TB, or fungal infection

27
Q

What is the treatment for acute paronychia? Chronic paronychia?

A

Acute: warm compresses, I&D, oral abx in severe cases
Chronic: minimize inciting factors; topical steroids and antifungal agents to reduce inflammation

28
Q

What are some drugs that can cause hypertrichosis? Name 5.

A

Cyclosporine, phenytoin, minoxidil, penicillamine, methyldopa, metoclopramide, diazoxide, reserpine

29
Q

What are some conditions that are associated w/ alopecia areata? Name 5. What is the management?

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, DM, atopic eczema
  2. If <50% scalp involvement topical steroids + topical minoxidil, anthralin, intralesional steroids; if >50% scalp topical immunotherapy (squaric acid or DPCP), topical steroids, topical minoxidil, phototherapy, intralesional triamcinolone for brows, bimatoprost for eyelashes
30
Q

What are some conditions/medications associated with telogen effluvium? Name 5 of each.

A
  1. Anemia, thyroid disease, significant weight loss, eating disorders, pregnancy, high fever, major surgery, blood loss, mental stress; anabolic steroids, antithyroid meds, AEDs, beta blockers, oral retinoids, warfarin
31
Q

What are some causes of erythema multiforme? Name 5.

A

Herpes simplex, mycoplasma, NSAIDs, sulfonamides, AEDs

32
Q

What should be checked before starting AEDs or allopurinol, especially in those of Asian ancestry?

A

HLA-B5801 or HLA-B1502

33
Q

What are some medications that commonly lead to SJS/TEN? Name 5.

A

Allopurinol, ampicillin/amoxicillin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, bactrim, sulfasalazine, nevirapine

34
Q

What are some meds that most commonly cause DRESS? Name 5.

A

Abacavir, allopurinol, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, minocycline, PPIs, sulfasalazine

35
Q

What are some medications that commonly lead to drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus? Name 6.

A

ACEi, hydralazine, HCTZ, NSAIDs, PPIs, terbinafine, TNF inhibitor (adalimumab), griseofulvin

36
Q

Which subtype of chronic cutaneous lupus presents as painful red indurated subcutaneous plaques that eventually cause atrophy and scarring depressions, and can rarely transform into a form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma?

A

Lupus panniculitis

37
Q

What presents w/ sclerosis of the deep dermis and subcutis as peau d’orange induration of proximal extremities, tightening of the skin, and can appear after periods of intense physical activity? What is the treatment?

A
  1. Eosinophilic fasciitis

2. Systemic steroids or methotrexate

38
Q

What are the management options for calciphylaxis?

A

Parathyroidectomy for those w/ hyperparathyroidism, surgical debridement, use of low-calcium dialysate, IV sodium thiosulfate (increases solubility of calcum deposits, thus clearing the blockages), bisphosphonates if all else fails

39
Q

What disease presents w/ pruritic hyperkeratotic umbilicated papules or nodules w/ overlying hyperpigmentation in patients w/ ESRD or DM? What is the treatment?

A
  1. Kyrle disease
  2. Oatmeal baths, synthetic detergent cleansers, emollients, topical antipruritic agents; surgery if only a few nodules present
40
Q

What are some conditions associated w/ sweet syndrome? Name 8.

A

AML, chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, MDS, myeloproliferative disorders, solid tumors, Behcet disease, IBD, relapsing polychondritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease

41
Q

What is the treatment for dermatitits herpetiformis?

A

Gluten free diet, dapsone

42
Q

What 3 conditions are acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

DM, gastric cancer, genitourinary cancer

43
Q

What condition presents w/ generalized waxy appearance, easy bruising w/ minor pressure, violaceous discoloration around eyes, yellow waxy papules and plaques especially in periorbital region, dystrophic nails, and macroglossia?

A

Amyloidosis

44
Q

What presents w/ eczematous or psoriasiform eruption around orifices and flexural and acral areas? What condition is it associated with?

A
  1. Necrolytic migratory erythema

2. Glucagonoma

45
Q

What malignancy is associated w/ keratoderma of palms and soles?

A

SCC of esophagus

46
Q

What malignancies are associated with explosive onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses (leser-trelat sign)?

A

GI adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer

47
Q

Name at least 1 high potency steroid and ultra potency steroid

A

High: fluocinonide 0.05%, betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%, halcinonide 0.1%, amcinonide 0.1%, desoximetasone 0.25%, triamcinolone acetonide 0.5%
Ultra: Clobetasol 0.05%, Halobetasol 0.05%, Diflorasone 0.05%, Flurandrenolide tape, augmented betamethasone 0.05%

48
Q

What is the management for erythrasma?

A

Topical erythromycin, clarithromycin, or clindamycin

49
Q

What are some conditions that wood lamp exam is used for? Name 4.

A

Changes in pigmentation (vitiligo, melasma), pityriasis versicolor, tinea capitis, erythrasma, porphyria cutanea tarda

50
Q

Which topical antibiotics can cause an allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Neomycin and bacitracin

51
Q

What type of phototherapy is first line in psoriasis?

A

Narrowband ultraviolet B

52
Q

What presents as large, noninflammatory woody-indurated plaques over the shoulder girdle, neck, and upper extremities, and may be associated with diabetes?

A

Scleredema

53
Q

What presents with waxy yellow-red papules overlying thickened skin affecting the face, upper torso, and upper extremities, and may be associated w/ paraproteinemia?

A

Scleromyxedema

54
Q

What presents w/ perioral and acral (in the extremities) erythematous and vesiculobullous dermatitis and alopecia, and is related to zinc deficiency but can also be associated with Crohns disease?

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

55
Q

How does urticarial vasculitis differ from urticaria?

A

Lesions last for >24 hours, presents w/ painful or burning lesions rather than pruritis, leaves bruise-like changes when they resolve
Typically associated w/ underlying autoimmune disease; has risk for multisystem disease including nephritis

56
Q

What is the treatment for pitted keratolysis?

A

Topical abx (clindamycin, erythromycin), OTC benzoyl peroxide, topical antiperspirants (aluminum hydroxide)

57
Q

What presents w/ deep, crawling, or tingling sensation on the forearms, shoulders, and upper back without a visible rash? What is it due to? What makes it better symptomatically?

A
  1. Brachioradial pruritis
  2. Inflammation or irritation of cervical nerves
  3. Application of ice or cold packs improves it
58
Q

What presents w/ orange, atrophic plaques on anterior shins in diabetics? What presents w/ large non-inflammatory bullae on lower extremities of diabetics? What presents w/ multiple hyperpigmented macules on anterior shins of diabetics?

A
  1. Necrobiosis lipoidica
  2. Bullous diabeticorum
  3. Diabetic dermopathy
59
Q

What presents w/ one herald patch followed by many small pruritic patches in a “Christmas tree” distribution that lasts 1-3 months? What is the treatment?

A
  1. Pityriasis rosea

2. Topical steroids and anti-histamines for pruritis

60
Q

Crusted scabies can be seen in HIV and other immunodeficiencies. What is the treatment?

A

Topical permethrin AND oral ivermectin

61
Q

What cancers are associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus?

A

Lymphoma, CLL, Castleman disease

62
Q

What variant of psoriasis presents w/ red, thin plaques in the scalp, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, central chest, and pubic area?

A

Sebopsoriasis

Dermatology (1 decks)

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