Mixtures And Substances Flashcards
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means.
Mixtures can include elements, compounds, or both.
What are the two main classifications of matter?
Matter is classified into pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances can be elements or compounds.
Define a pure substance.
A pure substance is a material that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means.
Examples include elements and compounds.
What is an element?
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Examples include oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together.
Examples include water (H2O) and sugar (C12H22O11).
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition, while heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition.
Examples of homogeneous mixtures include saltwater, and examples of heterogeneous mixtures include fruit salad.
Fill in the blank: A _______ mixture has a uniform composition.
homogeneous
Fill in the blank: A _______ mixture has a non-uniform composition.
heterogeneous
What is a characteristic of heterogeneous mixtures?
Heterogeneous mixtures can often be separated into their individual components.
Examples include salad and concrete.
True or False: All mixtures can be separated by physical means.
True
What is an example of a pure substance?
Water (H2O)
Water is considered a pure substance as it has a consistent composition.
What is a characteristic of a compound?
A compound can only be separated into its elements by chemical means.
This distinguishes compounds from mixtures.
List examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
- Fruit salad
- Concrete
- Muddy water
These mixtures do not have a uniform composition.
List examples of homogeneous mixtures.
- Saltwater
- Air
- Whiskey
These mixtures have the same composition throughout.
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance made up of simpler substances or elements.
What are the physical states of matter?
The physical states of matter include solid, liquid, and gas.
What defines a solid?
A solid has a definite shape and volume, and it is difficult to compress.
What defines a liquid?
A liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. It is difficult to compress.
What defines a gas?
A gas fills the available volume and takes the shape of its container. It is easily compressed.
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the process where a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming a liquid.
What is condensation?
Condensation is the process where a gas turns into a liquid.
What is vaporization?
Vaporization is the process where a liquid turns into a gas.
What is the change from solid to liquid called?
Freezing solidification.
What is the process of liquid changing to vapor throughout boiling?
Evaporation/ vaporization.
What is sublimation?
Change of a solid directly to gas without passing through the liquid phase.
What is a solute?
Substance that is dissolved in a liquid.
What is a solvent?
Liquid that dissolves a solute.
What is a suspension?
A dispersion of particles through a liquid where the particles are sufficiently large to be visible.
What is a colloid?
A mixture in which the dispersed particles are small enough that they cannot be seen by the naked eye.
What is an alloy?
Mixture of two or more metals e.g steel.
How can you separate a mixture? (homo&hetero)
Filter, sieve, Filter paper.
What does volatile mean?
Easily converted to a vapor or evaporation occurs rapidly.
What is vapor?
Gas close to its boiling point
