Mixtures and Matter Flashcards
Define particle
Particles are the smallest identifiable part of matter. The amount of space between these particles determines the state of matter of a substance.
Does an atom have charge? Why or why not?
An atom has no charge. This is because the number of protons (positive) is equal to the number of electrons (negative).
eg: 3 protons = +3
3 electrons = -3
3-3 = 0
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons it has.
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of nuclear particles (protons and neutrons) in an atom (added together).
What are Ions?
Ions are charged atoms.
What happens when atoms gain and lose electrons?
Gain an electron - negatively charged
Lose an electron - positively charged
How are electrons arranged?
Electrons are arranged in fixed shells/orbits around the nucleus.
How many electron shells are in an atom?
The first 20 elements use only up to 4 shells:
Shell 1 - up to 2 electrons
Shell 2 - up to 8 electrons
Shell 3 - up to 8 electrons
Shell 4 - can contain more but only 2 electrons are added to it up to element number 20
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until the concentration is equal.
How do solids, liquids, and gases diffuse?
Solids at room temperature do not diffuse, liquids can diffuse through other liquids they can mix with. Gases readily diffuse with gases.
What is the difference between a solute and solvent?
Solute - substance being dissolved
Solvent - the liquid that dissolves the solute
What type of mixture is a solution?
Homogeneous.
What is solubility?
The measure of how well a substance dissolves in another substance (1 litre of solvent)
How does temperature affect solubility?
The warmer the solvent, the higher the solubility.
Define the term ‘filtrate’
The liquid that moved through the filter paper into the beaker.
What is decanting?
Decanting is allowing a mixture of two substances with different densities to settle and separate by gravity. Once this has happened, the lighter substance can be poured off.
physical property: DENSITY
Molecule
A group of the same/different atoms bonded together.
Element
a substance made up of only one type of atom. NOT CHEMICALLY BONDED
Compound
a substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together
Mixture
Two or more substances that are not chemically combined