Mixtures Flashcards
What are the 2 different substances of matter?
Pure Substances and Mixtures
What is a Pure Substance?
a pure substance consists only of one element or one compound
Distinguish between an element and a compound
A compound (eg. water) can be broken down with chemical reactions. Elements (eg. oxygen) cannot.
What is a mixture?
a mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together
What are the 2 different types of mixtures?
Homogeneous mixtures and Heterogeneous mixtures
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Homogeneous mixtures look the same throughout, ie. a solution (eg. mouthwash, saltwater) and you cannot physically seperate it
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture that can be physically seperaterd (eg. pizza, salad)
What are the 3 types of solutions?
Solutions, colloids, suspensions
What is a solution?
A mixture where a solid substance is dissolved in a liquid
What is a suspension?
A mixture with lumps that float around. They eventually settle out.
What is a colloid?
A mixture that contains particles (in the form of solid, liquid or gas) that is distrubuted evenly throughout
What does it mean when you say a substance is soluble?
It means that substance that is able to dissolve
What does it mean when you say a substance is insoluble?
It means that substance that is unable to dissolve
What is a solute?
The substance that dissolves
What is a solvent?
The substance that dissolves the solute is the solvent
What is a concentrated solution?
A solution where there is a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent
What is a dilute solution?
A solution where there is little solute dissolved in the substance
What is the opposite of a concentrated solution?
Dilute solution
What is the opposite of a dilute solution?
Concentrated solution
What is a saturated solution?
A solution where you cannot dissolve anymore substance/solute
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution where you can dissolve more substance/solute
What is distillation?
Seperating liquids by using evaporation and condensation
What features must 2 liquids have to be able to perform distillation?
They must have different boiling points
What is decantation?
Using gravity to seperate a solid and a liquid or a liquid and a liquid (eg. sand using gravity to fall to the bottom of water)
What is a centrifuge?
A machine that spins really fast to seperate 2 substances
What is crytallisation?
The process of atoms or molecules arranging into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice in order to minimize their energetic state
