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AP GAP EXAM > Mixed Institutions > Flashcards

Mixed Institutions Flashcards

1
Q

Miller v. Johnson

A

Along with Shaw v. Reno decided race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing district lines

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2
Q

U.S Term Limits v. Thornton

A

States cannot set term limits on members of congress

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3
Q

Bush v. Gore

A

Florida’s recount in the 2000 election was ruled to be a violation of the 14th amendments equal protection clause

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4
Q

Shelby county v. Holder

A

Invalidated part of the voting rights act of 65 clearing the way for the expansion of voter id laws

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5
Q

Public education role of congress

A

Committee hearings and floor debates educate the public

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6
Q

Sponser

A

The congress member who introduces the bill

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7
Q

Poison pill amendments

A

Killer amendments

rules committee can make it easy to add these for opponents

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8
Q

Remember earmarks

A

Appear in appropriations and authorizations bills

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9
Q

INS v. Chadha

A

Declared unconstitutional

Congress wrote legislation giving president broad powers but reserved itself the right to void presidential actions by a vote of one or both houses

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10
Q

Discharge petition

A

Parliamentary mechanism to force a bill out of committee for a floor vote

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11
Q

Pendleton Act

A

Eliminated the spoils system of patronage in selection for government jobs and set up exam based merit system
Regulation of gov.

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12
Q

Sherman anti-trust act

A

Provided congress with authority to regulate and break up monopolies or trusts in the US
Is abused to brake up labor unions

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13
Q

Hatch act

A

Permitted gov. employees to vote in gov. Elections but forbade participation in partisan politics

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14
Q

Freedom of information act

A

Declassified gov. documents for public use

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15
Q

Air quality act

A

The beginning of a series of acts to regulate impacts on the environment

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16
Q

Espionage act, sedation act

A

Curtailed the civil liberties of Americans during wartime and increased fed. power in controlling public activity
Sedation act was repealed by congress in 1921

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17
Q

Immigration act

A

Limited number of immigrants let into the United States quotas for entry

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18
Q

Age discrimination in employment act

A

Banned age discrimination in jobs unless age was related to performance

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19
Q

Title IX Education Act

A

Prohibited gender discrimination in federally funded education programs

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20
Q

Patriot Act

A

Response to 9 11

Authority governments to convict terrorists

21
Q

Personal Responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act

A

Increase personal responsibility in welfare recipients and shifted welfare responsibilities to state governments

22
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

Gave president broad powers to commit unlimited troops for unlimited time in Vietnam
Pre War Powers Resolution

23
Q

Domestic policy council

A

Assists president in domestic policy

24
Q

US trade representative

A

Negotiating complex trade and tariff agreements on behalf of president with White House guidance

25
Q

Department of homeland security

A 
Makes 15 cabinet departments 
Counters terrorism
Protects boarders
Analyze intelligence
Detect weapons
Support local agencies like police and fire departments
26
Q

Principles of the judicial system

A

Equal justice under the law- all treated as equals
Due process of law
Adversarial system- two sides must be represented
Presumption of justice- innocent until proven guilty

27
Q

Types of due process

A

Substantive- whether laws are unfair

Procedural- whether laws are fairly applied

28
Q

Grand jury

A

24 to 48 jurors that use evidence from prosecutor to decide if trial should commence

29
Q

Who is the prosecutor in criminal trials

Goal of prosecutor

A

The government at some level

Guilt beyond reasonable doubt

30
Q

Petit juries

A

12 jurors decide in criminal cases

The verdict

31
Q

Civil law cases

A

Only gov if gov is a plaintiff or defendant
If a judge or jury thinks the case as merit it will continue
Settlement to avoid trial
Show preponderance of evidence favors there side
Fewer jurors

32
Q

Equity

A

Loser forced to stop doing something

33
Q

Smith v. Allwright

A

The denying of African Americans the rights to vote in a primary election was found to be a violation of the 15th amendment

34
Q

Fletcher v. Peck

A

First case in which the court overturned a state law unconstitutional grounds Fletcher established the courts right to apply judicial review to state laws previously judicial review had been applied only to federal law

35
Q

Timing of Supreme Court cases

A

From October to April
Hears oral arguments 30 min each for both sides

Federal gov. Will take one side and solicitor general will argue on behalf of gov for a portion of 30 min on supporting side

36
Q

Joint chiefs of staff

A

The five Chiefs of the military services and their chairman who are responsible for carrying out defense policy and report directly to both the secretary of defense from the department of defense and the president

37
Q

Executive departments in the cabinet

A 
Department of 
State
Treasury
Defense
Justice (attorney general and solicitor general)
Interior
Agriculture
Commerce
Labor
Health and human services
Housing and urban development 
Transportation
Energy
Education
Veterans affairs
Homeland security
38
Q

Organization of the departments

A

Secretary with president appointment and senate approval
Undersecretary (not confirmed by senate)
Senior executive service some appointees

39
Q

Gov entities not within the 15 cabinets

A

Independent agencies

Independent regulatory commissions/ regulatory agencies (FCC, OSHA, SEC, FTC, and Federal Reserve Board)

40
Q

Quasi-legislative agencies

A

Independent agencies who are responsible for filling in gaps in legislation and writing rules

41
Q

Quasi-judicial agencies

A

Independent agencies responsible for rule enforcement and punishing violators

42
Q

The nuclear regulatory commission

A

Controls how electric power companies design build and operate nuclear reactors
regulatory

43
Q

The food and drug administation

A

Responsible for ensuring the health of the American people by inspecting food supply for contaminants and spoilage responsible for regulating sale of over-the-counter drugs and patent medicines
Regulatory agency

44
Q

Federal energy regulatory commission

A

Is responsible for preventing price-fixing and price manipulation in electric utilities, interstate oil and gas pipelines, and natural gas suppliers
Regulatory agency

45
Q

Equal employment opportunities commission

A 
EEOC 
created by civil rights act
Enforces anti discrimination laws
Americans with disabilities act
Affirmative action (first promoted then discouraged)
46
Q

Boards of commissioners

A

Run regulatory agencies

Appointed and confirmed by senate

47
Q

Alliance network or issue network

A

Members of Congress and bureaucrats who form a close working relationship for more complicated than a simple three-part iron triangle
When issues affect many groups

48
Q

Quasi-legislative function

A

Regulatory agency writes and publishes the rules

AP GAP EXAM (8 decks)

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