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Renal Recall > Mixed > Flashcards

Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

2 risk factors for unexplained hematuria?

A

1) Hypercalciuria
2) Hyperuricosuria

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2
Q

Three conditions where valptans are recommended for hyponatremia?

A

1) HF
2) Cirrhosis
3) SIADH

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3
Q

Protein requirement for AKI

A

0.8-1 g/kg for noncatabolic AKI
1-1.5 g/kg for dialytic
1.7 for CRRT/ hypercatabolic

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4
Q

Causes of transient proteinuria

A

“FOE-CEO”

Fever
Obesity
Exercise

CHF
Emotional stress
OSA

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5
Q

ADPKD diagnosis

A

Based on age

15-29: 2 cysts (unilateral/bilateral)
30-59: 2 cysts in each kidney
>= 60: 4 cysts in each kidney

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5
Q

ADPKD diagnosis

A

Based on age

15-29: 2 cysts (unilateral/bilateral)
30-59: 2 cysts in each kidney
>= 60: 4 cysts in each kidney

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5
Q

ADPKD diagnosis

A

Based on age

15-29: 2 cysts (unilateral/bilateral)
30-59: 2 cysts in each kidney
>= 60: 4 cysts in each kidney

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6
Q

3 conditions to treat ASB

A

1) Pregnant
2) Neutropenic
3) WIll undergo uro procedures

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7
Q

Which drugs VS UTI can be used starting in the 2nd trimester

A

Nitrofurantoin
TMP SMX

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8
Q

MC causes of community acquired UTI

A

HF
Malignancy
UTO
Volume depletion
Adverse effects of medications

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9
Q

What immunosuppressive drug can cause prerenal AKI

A

Cyclosporine

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10
Q

Definition of Type I HRS

A

Increase > 2x in Crea or > 2.5 mg/dL within 2 weeks without other possible explanation

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11
Q

2 mechanisms underlying Sepsis induced AKI

A

1) NO mediated causing vasodilation
2) Endothelial damage due to microvascular LAD, thrombosis

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12
Q

Definition of abdominal compartment syndrome

A

Increase in abdominal pressure > 20 mmHg due to fluid resuscitation –> renal vein compression

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of Contrast induced AKI

A
  • Hypoxia in renal outer medulla from perturbations in renal microcirculation + occlusion of small vessels
  • Cytotoxic damage to tubules directly or via generation of oxygen-free radicals, especially because the concentration of the agent within the tubule is markedly increased
  • Transient tubular obstruction with precipitated contrast material
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14
Q

GN syndromes presenting as MACROSCOPIC hematuria

A

IgA Nephropathy
Sickle cell anemia

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15
Q

Most common causes of infectious GN worldwide

A

Malaria
Schistosomiasis

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16
Q

Duration of development of PSGN for:
-Post pharyngitis
-Post impetigo

A

Pharyngitis: 1-3 weeks
Impetigo: 2-6 wks

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17
Q

Crescent formation is found in what type of GN disease?

A

Anti- GBM disease

HP: IgG immuno staining

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18
Q

Type of collagen involved in anti GBM disease?

A

Collagen IV

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19
Q

Clinical presentation of IgA Nephropathy

A
  • Recurrent episodes of MACROSCOPIC HEMATURIA during or immediately following an URTI often accompanied by proteinuria
  • Persistent asymptomatic microscopic hematuria
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20
Q

Treatment for IgA Nephropathy?

A

ACEi/ steroids

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21
Q

Management for Anti GBM Disease

A

Less severe disease typically respond to 8–10 treatments of plasmapheresis accompanied by oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide in the first 2 weeks

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22
Q

Management for Anti GBM Disease

A

Less severe disease typically respond to 8–10 treatments of plasmapheresis accompanied by oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide in the first 2 weeks

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23
Q

Mesangioproliferative seen in the ff disease entities?

A

“LIPP”

IgA Nephropathy
PSGN
P. malariae
Lupus nephritis II

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24
Q

What is a sensitive indicator for the presence of DM nephropathy?

A

Thickening of GBM

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24
Q

What is a sensitive indicator for the presence of DM nephropathy?

A

Thickening of GBM

25
Q

What pathologic findings correlate with clinical manifestations of DM nephropathy?

A

MESANGIAL EXPANSION or MESANGIAL SCLEROSIS

25
Q

What pathologic findings correlate with clinical manifestations of DM nephropathy?

A

MESANGIAL EXPANSION or MESANGIAL SCLEROSIS

26
Q

What is the MC nephrotic syndrome in the elderly?

A

Membranous GN

27
Q

What is the MC nephrotic syndrome in the elderly?

A

Membranous GN

28
Q

Also called as benign familial hematuria

A

Thin basement membrane disease

-persistent or recurrent hematuria; NO proteinuria, hypertension, loss of renal function, extra-renal disease

29
Q

Prefers basic environment for stone development

A

Calcium phosphate
Cystine stone

30
Q

Indifferent to PH

A

Calcium oxalate

31
Q

Two common presentations for individuals with an acute stone event

A

renal colic and painless gross hematuria

32
Q

Medications that Bind Cystine

A

Tiopronin
Penicillamine

33
Q

Preferred alkalizing agents to reach urine pH 7.5 for cystine stones

A

Potassium citrate
Potassium bicarbonate

34
Q

Urease-producing bacteria

A

Proteus
Klebsiella
Providencia

35
Q

Stages of CKD where
Uremic neuromuscular dse manifest
Peripheral neuropathy

A

Ckd st 3
Ckd st 4

36
Q

What type of alcohol causes NAGMA?

A

Isopropyl Alcohol — acetone is excreted immediately

37
Q

Condition that causes positive urine AG

A

RTA

Proximal - acetazolamide, topiramate
Distal - Ifosfamide, Amphotericin B

38
Q

Conditions that promote maintenance of alkaline

A
  1. Volume depletion
  2. Chloride deficiency
  3. Hypokalemia with reduced GFR
39
Q

MC causes of infectious related GN?

A

Schistosomiasis
Malaria

Then followed by Hep B/C, HIV

40
Q

When does PSGN occur after impetigo and strep infection?

A

Impetigo : 2-6 wks
Strep : 1-3 wks

41
Q

Treatment for Scleroderma renal crisis

A

ACE-i

42
Q

Presents as nephrotic syndrome with crescent formation in biopsy and linear IgG immunofluorescence

A

Anti GBM disease

43
Q

Macroscopic hematuria immediately after an UTRI with occasional proteinuria/persistent microscopic hematuria. Relatively benign disease

A

IgA nephropathy

44
Q

Nephrotic range proteinuria, hematuria, ribbons in the GBM responsive to Eculizumab

A

C3 glomerulopathy

45
Q

Abrupt onset edema, nephrotic syndrome, with acellular urinary sediment. Occasionally presents with minimal hematuria. Spontaneously resolves

A

Minimal change disease

46
Q

Presents as proteinuria, segmental glomerular scars, glomerular tip variant has the better prognosis while collapsing glomerulopathy has the worst

A

FSGS

47
Q

On LM, uniform thickening if basement membrane along the side of capillary loops. Can be secondary or primary. 2nd - subepithelial with tubuloreticular inclusions. Idiopathic- autoantibodies for M type phospholipase A2

A

Membranous glomerulopathy

48
Q

Kimmelstiel Wilson or eosinophilic PAS+ nodules

A

Diabetic neohropathy

49
Q

Biopsy findings showing mesangial proliferation with lobular segmentation on renal biopsy and mesangial interposition

A

Tram tracking

50
Q

Persistent or recurrent hematuria, presents in childhood and present in multiple family members. Not associated with proteinuria, hypertension

A

Thin membrane disease — benign familial hematuria

51
Q

Conditions with false positive proteinuria on urine dipstick

A

pH > 7
Concentrated urine
Blood contamination

52
Q

Cases of isolated hematuria

A

“PS NTT”

Prostatitis
Stones
Neoplasm
Tuberculosis
Trauma

53
Q

Intake of Vitamin C supplements in men can cause what time of kidney stones?

A

Calcium oxalate

54
Q

Indications for urologic intervention for kidney stones

A

uti
Large stone >=6mm
Intractable pain

55
Q

Uric acid stones with needle configuration

A

Uric acid crystal
Calcium oxalate

56
Q

Stone not dependent onpH

A

Calcium oxalate

57
Q

Stone with diagonal/hexagonal shape

A

Cysteine

58
Q

Coffin lid appearance of uric acid stone

A

Struvite

59
Q

Stone in acidic environment

A

Uric acid pH <5.5

60
Q

Bacteria involved in struvite stones

A

Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella pneumonie
Providencia species

61
Q

Recurrent UTI definition

A

AUC by urine culture
3x in a 12 mo period
2x in a 6 month period

Renal Recall (1 decks)

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