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Immunology and Serology > Mixed > Flashcards

Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

the condition of being resistant to infection

A

Immunity

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2
Q

Study of a host’s reaction when foreign substances(antigens) are introduced into the body

A

Immunology

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3
Q

Where cells developed and matured

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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4
Q

2 primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone Marrow

Thymus

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5
Q

Organs that process the antigens for attack

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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6
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs are

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, peyer’s patches(intestine),MALT

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7
Q

2 branches of immunity

A

Natural/Innate

Acquired/Adaptive/Specific

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8
Q

type of immunity that is present at birth

A

Natural/Innate Immunity

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9
Q

Immunity that is not antigen specific and no memory

A

Natural/Innate Immunity

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10
Q

Immunity that is absent at birth and acquired through exposure

A

Acquired/Adaptive/Specific Immunity

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11
Q

Immunity that is antigen specific and with memory

A

Acquired/Adaptive/Specific Immunity

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12
Q

2 parts of Natural/Innate Immunity

A

External defense

Internal defense

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13
Q

Intact skin, mucous membranes, body fluids, normal flora

A

External defense

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14
Q

WBCs, inflammation, phagocytosis

A

Internal defense

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15
Q

2 types of Acquired/Adaptive/Specific Immunity

A

Cell-mediated Immunity

Humoral-Mediated Immunity

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16
Q

Immunity that is mediated by T cells

A

Cell-mediated Immunity

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17
Q

Immunity that is mediated by B cells

A

Humoral-Mediated Immunity

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18
Q

bacterial infection, phagocytosis and respiratory burst

A

neutrophils

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19
Q

parasitic and helminthic infection, neutralization of basophil and mast cells products

A

eosinophil

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20
Q

hypersensitivity reactions, release histamines in blood

A

basophils

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21
Q

hypersensitivity reactions, connective tissue cell in tissue

A

mast cells

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22
Q

phagocytosis, migrate to tissues to become macrophages

A

monocytes

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23
Q

phagocytosis, elimination of bacteria, intracellular parasites, tumor cells, secretion of cell mediators, ag presentation

A

macrophages

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24
Q

phagocytosis, presentation of antigen to helper T cells in blood and lymph organs

A

Dendritic cells

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25
Q

cell mediated immunity
derived from cells in the bone marrow
mature and differentiate in thymus

A

T lymphocytes

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26
Q

60 to 80 % of lymphocytes

A

T lymphocytes

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27
Q

humoral mediated immunity
developed in the bone marrow
Have surface Igs (IgM, IgD) that act as receptors for ag

A

B lymphocytes

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28
Q

10 to 20% of lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes

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29
Q

1st line of defense against tumor cells & cells infected with viruses

A

NK cells

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30
Q

without T and B markers

A

NK cells

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31
Q

CD16 & CD56

A

NK Cells

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32
Q

bridge between innate & acquired immunity

A

NK cells

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33
Q

<20% of lymphocytes

A

NK cells

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34
Q

Normal CD4:CD8 ratio

A

2:1

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35
Q

Cytotoxic T cells & suppresor T cell

A

CD8 T cells

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36
Q

Helper T cells, Regulatory T cells, Delayed type hypersensitivity cells

A

CD4 T cells

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37
Q

Thymus dependent

A

T cells

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38
Q

Thymus independent

A

B cells

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39
Q

Type of Activated B cells

A

Plasma cells or Memory cells

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40
Q

type of B lymphocytes that produce antibodies

A

Plasma cells or Memory cells

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41
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity

A

Active

Passive

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42
Q

Type of Acquired immunity made by oneself

A

Active Acquired Immunity

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43
Q

Type of Acquired immunity which is from other host

A

passive acquired immunity

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44
Q

Antigenic Exposure/Infection

A

Natural Active Acquired Immunity

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45
Q

Vaccination (Ag)

A

Artificial Active Acquired immunity

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46
Q

Natural passive acquired immunity

A

IgG - only can transfer to placenta

IgA - colustrum

47
Q

vaccination of immune serum

A

Artificial passive acquired immunity

48
Q

defense against viruses, fungi, mycobacteria, other intracellular pathogens, tumor cells

A

Cell mediated Immunity

49
Q

Involves T lymphocytes, macrophages

A

cell mediated immunity

50
Q

examples of cell mediated immunity

A

Graft rejection
hypersensitivity reaction
elimination of tumor cells

51
Q

MCH 1

52
Q

MCH 2

53
Q

Defense against bacteria(extracellular)

A

Humoral mediated immunity

54
Q

involves B lymphocytes, plasma cells

A

humoral mediated immunity

55
Q

example of humoral mediated immunity

A

Antibody production

56
Q

Substances recognized as foreign by the body and have the capability to react with a complementary antibody or cell receptor

57
Q

an antigen that induces an antibody and reacts specifically with it

A

Homologous antigen

58
Q

an antigen that reacts with an antibody it did not induce cross reaction

A

Heterologous antigen

59
Q

glycoprotein substances developed by PLASMA CELLS in response to the presence of antigens

A

Antibodies

60
Q

basic structure of antibodies

A

2 heavy chains and 2 light chains held together by disulfide bonds

61
Q

2 types of light chains

A

kappa

lambda

62
Q

normal ratio of Kappa:Lambda in serum

63
Q

5 types of heavy chains

A 
mu
gamma
alpha
delta
epsilon
64
Q

4 types of hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type I - Allergic/Anaphylactic
Type II - Cytotoxic
Type III - Immune Complex
Type IV - Delayed Type

65
Q

most severe type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type I or allergic/anaphylactic

66
Q

examples of type I hypersensitivity reaction

A

Bronchial asthma
Hay fever
Urticaria
Food allergies

67
Q

type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves HEMOLYSIS

A

Type II - Cytotoxic

68
Q

Ab or Cells involved in type I hypersensitivity

69
Q

Ab or Cells involved in type II hypersensitivity

A

IgM, IgG + complement

70
Q

type of complement pathway that starts with the C1 activation

A

Classical pathway

71
Q

type of complement pathway activated by IgM and IgG

A

Classical pathway

72
Q

C3b

73
Q

C5a,C3a,C4a

A

anaphylatoxin

74
Q

most virulent anaphylatoxin

75
Q

C5a is a

A

chemotoxin

76
Q

type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves autoimmune diseases

A

Type III - immune complexes

77
Q

examples of type II hypersensitivity

A

HTR, HDN, ITP and Some drug allergies

78
Q

Ab or Cells involved in type III hypersensitivity

A

IgM, IgG + complement

79
Q

examples of type III hypersensitivity

A

Immune glomerulonephritis
serum sickness
arthus reaction

80
Q

Type I, II, III hypersensitivity reactions are involved in what kind of immunity

A

Humoral-mediated immunity

81
Q

Ab or Cells involved in type IV hypersensitivity

A

T cells (CD4+, T cells delayed)

82
Q

examples of type IV hypersensitivity

A

Tuberculin skin test

Contact dermatitis

83
Q

C3 convertase in Classical Pathway

84
Q

C5 convertase in Classical Pathway

85
Q

Membrane Attack Complex in Classical and Alternative pathway

86
Q

Type of complement pathway that is activated by polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide

A

Alternative pathway

87
Q

Type of complement pathway that is activated by bind of MBL to mannose found in bacteria

A

Lectin pathway

88
Q

type of complement pathway that is very similar to classical pathway

A

Lectin pathway

89
Q

C3 convertase in Alternative Pathway

90
Q

C5 convertase in Alternative Pathway

91
Q

IGRAs is also known as

A

Interferon-Gamma Release Assay

92
Q

WB test that can aid in the diagnosis of M.tuberculosis infection

A

IGRAs / Interferon-Gamma Release Assay

93
Q

measure a person’s immune reactivity to M.tuberculosis

94
Q

2 types of IGRAs

A

QuantiFERON - TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT)

T-SPOT TB test (T-Spot)

95
Q

5 classes of Immunoglobulins

A 
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
96
Q

predominant immunoglobulin

97
Q

immunoglobulin produced in secondary(anamnestic) ab response

98
Q

4 subclasses of IgG

A

IgG1
IgG2
IgG3
IgG4

99
Q

Most clinically significant IgG subclasses are

100
Q

IgG exist as

101
Q

IgM exist as

102
Q

IgA in serum exists as

103
Q

IgA in body secretions exists as

104
Q

Binds complement, has roles in oponization and ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, neutralizes toxins

105
Q

predominant immunoglobulin in secretions

106
Q

Only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta barrier

107
Q

1st antibody produced against an immunogen

108
Q

produced during Primary immune response

109
Q

Best activator of the classical pathway of complement

110
Q

Immunoglobulin with unknown function

111
Q

immunoglobulin primarily a cell membrane surface component of B-lymphocytes

112
Q

Immunoglobulins that exist as monomer

A

IgG
IgA in serum
IgD
IgE

113
Q

immunoglobulin elevated during parasitic infections and Type I allergic reactions

Immunology and Serology (1 decks)

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