Mix and flow KATIE Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space.
What are the three states of matter? Describe their particles.
Solid)
Particles are close together and vibrating, “packed party”
Liquid)
Particles are vibrating and sliding “perfect party”
Gas)
Particles are far apart and moving rapidly “pathetic party”
What is a pure substance? Provide examples.
A pure substance contains only one type of particle. It includes anything on the periodic table. It can be an element or compound. Ex: diamonds, sugar, water, salt, sulfur, etc.
What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture vs. homogeneous mixture? Provide examples.
They are both mixtures, but heterogeneous mixes have 2 or more visible components. Ex: Chocolate chip cookies, granola, salad.
Homogeneous mixes look like one substance. They don’t look like mixtures. Ex: milk, sugar cookies,
What is another name for heterogeneous?
MECHANICAL MIXTURE!!!
What is another name for homogeneous?
SOLUTION!!!
What is a fluid? Give examples.
A substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. Ex: water, coke, tea, soup broth
What are the 5 parts of the particle model?
- All substances are made up of tiny particles
- All particles in a pure substance are
the same. Different pure substances
are made of different particles. - The particles have spaces between
them. - The particles are always in motion.
Vibrating, rotating, and (in liquids and
gases) moving from place to place. - The particles in a substance are
attracted to one another.
Can Solids Flow?
No, because they have their own fixed shape.
How can fluids be used to do work?
When fluids move, they do so with a force that can be harnessed and used to move mechanical parts in machinery. Enclosed gases, such as in tires, bubble wrap, balloons, and anything hollow can be used to absorb the force of impact.
What are the different changes of state? give real-life examples.
Sublimation:
Solid to gas, gas to solid
Freeze drying water
Condensation:
Gas to liquid
Steam from a shower
Vaporization:
Liquid to gas
Diffuser
Fusion (melting):
Solid to liquid
Melting of a popcicle
Solidification (freezing):
Liquid to solid
Making ice cubes
What happens to the particles in the 5 changes of state?
Sublimation:
molecules move fast enough to overcome the attractions from other molecules and become a gas.
Condensation:
water molecules in the air cool and slow down, their attractions overcome their speed and they join together, forming liquid water.
Vaporization:
molecules escape from the liquid and turn into a vapour.
Fusion (melting):
When a solid is heated the particles gain energy and start to vibrate faster and faster
Solidification (freezing):
the particles in a substance possess enough energy to move around in close proximity to each other.
What are some homo and heterogeneous examples?
Homo:
They look as though it is one mixture and have equal amounts in any given sample. EX: Tea, coke, honey, yogurt.
Hetero:
Made up of parts that you can see and differentiate. EX: rocks, cookie dough, cereal, stuffing, salad.
What is a suspension in a heterogeneous mixture?
A heterogeneous mixture in which the particles settle slowly after mixing is a suspension.
Explain how materials dissolve
Forming a solution by mixing two or more materials is called dissolving. In order to dissolve, the two (or more) particles have to attract to each other.
What is the definition of solute, solvent, and soluble?
SOLUTE:
the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. The thing being dissolved.
SOLVENT:
the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. The thing helping the solute dissolve.
SOLUBLE:
(of a substance) able to be dissolved, especially in water.
What is the definition of solubility, saturated solution, and unsaturated solution?
SOLUBILITY:
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.
SATURATED SOLUTION:
The maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent.
UNSATURATED SOLUTION:
An unsaturated solution is a chemical solution in which the solute concentration is lower than its solubility.
What is the definition of a supersaturated solution, and insoluble?
SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION:
Supersaturation is a state of a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved.
INSOLUBLE:
Incapable of being deissolved
What is the universal solvent and why is it called this?
Water is called the “universal solvent” because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
Explain why the rate of dissolving could be different for other substances?
If you shake heat, cool, or put different amounts of pressure on 2 different substances, one would mix faster or slower than the other because of different rates or dissolving.
