Mitral Stenosis

Question 1

Define mitral stenosis.

Answer 1

Narrowing of the mitral orifices which can be caused by rheumatic valvulitis producing fusion of the valve commissures and thickening of the valve leaflets.

Question 2

Explain the aetiology/risk factors of mitral stenosis.

Answer 2

Streptococcal infection

Question 3

Summarise the epidemiology of mitral stenosis.

Answer 3

Females are more likely to get mitral stenosis.
Most cases of mitral stenosis are caused by rheumatic fever. While rheumatic fever is now very rare in developed nations, it remains epidemic in much of the world.

Question 4

Recognise the presenting symptoms of mitral stenosis. Recognise the signs of mitral stenosis on physical examination.

Answer 4

Loud S1
Irregularly irregular pulse
Malar flush
Hx of orthopnea
Dyspnoea

Question 5

Identify appropriate investigations for mitral stenosis and interpret the results.

Answer 5

ECG
Echo
CXR