Mitral Stenosis

Question 1

Diastasis

Answer 1

During the mid portion of diastole (diastasis), the pressure in the left atrium and LV equilibrates, and mitral flow nearly ceases. Late in diastole, atrial contraction increases the atrial pressure, producing a second atrial-to-LV pressure gradient that again propels blood into the LV. Diastasis is the longest phase of cardiac cycle.

Question 2

Aliasing

Answer 2

Aliasing is an imaging error when information of velocity of the blood flow is higher than the Nyquist velocity.

Question 3

NyQuest Limit

Answer 3

-

Question 4

Hemodynamic of MS

Answer 4

-Increased gradient between the LA & LV
-The LV size is normal unless other disease states are present: AI/AR, Dilated LV due to CAD or Cardiomyopathy
-LAP increased causing Pulmonary Hypertension: Must perform RVSP calculation

Question 5

A Hockey stick shape of the AMVL is indicative of ?

Answer 5

Rheumatic MS

Question 6

Characteristics of MS…

Answer 6

-Planimetry of the MV orifice
-Never an exact O
-Measure the smallest orifice

Question 7

Types of Mitral Stenosis

Answer 7

Rheumatic, Congenital, Degenerative

Question 8

Difference between Normal & Stenotic MV in Doppler

Answer 8

Normal is a M shape with laminar projection
Stenotic is not M-shaped (no visible E-A points, trapezoid shape), spectral broadening with higher gradient

Question 9

MS with A-Fibrillation in CW

Answer 9

Similar to MS expect size & duration between Doppler profiles is irregular

Question 10

Pressure Half-Time

Answer 10

-Is the amount of time it takes the initial peak pressure gradient to fall to one half (P1/2 t) its original pressure