Mitral Anatomy Flashcards
Which valve is more apically positioned; the mitral or tricuspid valve?
The tricuspid valve.
The anterior leaflet attaches to how much of the annulus, compared to the posterior leaflet?
Anterior = 1/3rd; Posterior = 2/3rd’s.
Which leaflet is larger, the anterior or posterior?
The anterior (only marginally); the anterior leaflet is longer than the posterior leaflet which means their surface areas are similar.
Each of the mitral valve leaflets are split into six scallops (A1, A2, A3 & P1, P2, P3). Which leaflet is only artificially divided?
The anterior leaflet.
Which of the scallops is the most lateral, and which of the scallops is the most medial?
Scallop 1 is the most lateral. Scallop 3 is the most medial.
What are the three types of Chordae Tendineae?
Primary/first order/marginal chordae | Secondary/second order/strut chordae | Tertiary/third order/basal chordae.
The primary/first order/marginal chordae attach where?
Onto the free edge of the leaflets.
The secondary/second order/strut chordae attach where?
Onto the ventricular surface of the leaflets (beyond the free edge).
The tertiary/third order/basal chordae attach where?
To the base of the posterior leaflet only.
Where do tertiary/third order/basal chordae arise from?
The ventricular wall.
The posteromedial papillary muscle is typically perfused by which artery?
The right coronary artery.
Why is the anterolateral papillary muscle less susceptible to ischaemic injury?
It has dual blood supply.
The pLAX view shows which scallops of the mitral valve leaflets?
The middle segments (A2 & P2).
The pSAX view shows which scallops of the mitral valve leaflets?
The entire leaflets are displayed in a medial-lateral orientation from left to right.
The apical 4-chamber view shows which scallops of the mitral valve leaflets?
Typically A3, A2 and P1.
The apical 2-chamber view shows which scallops of the mitral valve leaflets?
A2 and a portion of the P3 and P1 scallops.
The apical 3-chamber view shows which scallops of the mitral valve leaflets?
Similar to the pLAX view; the middle segments (A2 & P2).
Which view primarily shows the anterior leaflet, meaning abnormalities of the posterior leaflet will not be readily evident?
The apical 2-chamber view.
What are the five components of the MV apparatus?
The mitral annulus, leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles and the underlying ventricular walls.
Describe the mitral valve annulus.
It is a D-shaped fibromuscular ring and is saddle-shaped (alike a pringle).
Name the two mitral valve leaflets.
Anterior and Posterior.
The anterior MVL is in fibrous continuity with what?
The aortic valve.
The two commissures and papillary muscles are named what?
The anterolateral and posteromedial commissures/papillary muscles.
True or false; both papillary muscles provide chordae to portions of both leaflets.
True.
In the pLAX view, by tilting the probe towards the RV inflow view, what MV leaflet scallops can be visualised.
A3 and P3.
In the pLAX view, by tilting the probe towards the RV outflow view, what MV leaflet scallops can be visualised.
A1 and P1.
