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Mitosis & miosis > Mitosis & Miosis > Flashcards

Mitosis & Miosis Flashcards

1
Q

mitosis

A

a type of cell division that makes identical cells. Very short amount of time during the whole cell cycle.

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2
Q

cancer

A

uncontrolled cell growth

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3
Q

interphase

A

what the cell is doing most of the time. when the cells are growing and replicating the DNA
period of the cell cycle when the cell is NOT dividing.

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4
Q

nucleus

A

holds your DNA.

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5
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike structure with in the nucleus made of DNA & protein.

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6
Q

prophase

A

nucleus still visable, the first phase of mitosis , the chromosomes thicken

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7
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. nucleus disassembled

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8
Q

anaphase

A

away- chromoso move to the opposite sides of the cell. spindles help the chromo move away.

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9
Q

telophase

A

t=2 chromosomes at complete opposite ends of the cell and the nucleus is forming.

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10
Q

Mitosis Phases

A

PMAT

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11
Q

MRNA

A

formed from DNA

Has a coding sequence of 3 to 1 bases know as codons

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12
Q

DNA

A

found in the nucleus, transcription happens in DNA

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13
Q

Codons

A

codes for amino acids made of three bases

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14
Q

Amino acids

A

building blocks for protein

brought to ribosomes by TRNA

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15
Q

Protein

A

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Needed by the body for growth and repair. makes up enzymes. made in the process of translation

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16
Q

Ribosomes

A

small particles in the cell which proteins are assembled. made of protein and RNA. cell structure where translation takes place

17
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA

18
Q

Amino acids

A

the monomers of proteins

19
Q

homologous

A

each of the 4 chromosomes that come from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent.

20
Q

Diploid

A

a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is said to be diploid which means 2 sets. Sometimes represented by 2N.

21
Q

prophase 1

A

spindles start to form, chromo thicken, homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad; crossing over occurs

22
Q

metaphase 1

A

spindles fibers attach to the chromosomes

23
Q

anaphase 1

A

the fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell

24
Q

telephase 1

A

nuclear membrane forms. the cell deparates into two cells

25
Q

prophase 2

A

2 separate cells each with 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the original cell

26
Q

metaphase 2

A

chromosomes line up - single file

27
Q

anaphase 2

A

sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell

28
Q

telephase 2

A

Cells divide into 4 haploid daughter cells

29
Q

meiosis

A

process of reduction division where the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

30
Q

crossing over

A

when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange portions of their chromatids

31
Q

tetrad

A

the structure of 4 chromatids that form during meiosis. happens before crossing over.

32
Q

Translation

A

decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain also called “protein synthesis”.

33
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA. type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

34
Q

Watson & Crick

A

2 scientists that developed the double helix model of DNA

35
Q

What forces hold the 2 strands of DNA together?

A

Watson & Crick learned that hydrogen bonds could only form between certain nitrogenous bases and provided just enough strength to hold the 2 strands together. Once they realized this principle, “base paring” there was a reason that A-T and G-C went together.

36
Q

transcription

A

part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA.
Enzymes= helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, ligase.

37
Q

Translation

A

Decoding mRNA message into polypeptide chain (protein). Translation takes place in ribosomes.

38
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

a monomer (building block) of nucleic acids made of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and (1 of 4) nitrogenous bases.

Mitosis & miosis (1 decks)

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