Mitosis & Miosis

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

a type of cell division that makes identical cells. Very short amount of time during the whole cell cycle.

Question 2

cancer

Answer 2

uncontrolled cell growth

Question 3

interphase

Answer 3

what the cell is doing most of the time. when the cells are growing and replicating the DNA
period of the cell cycle when the cell is NOT dividing.

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

holds your DNA.

Question 5

chromosomes

Answer 5

threadlike structure with in the nucleus made of DNA & protein.

Question 6

prophase

Answer 6

nucleus still visable, the first phase of mitosis , the chromosomes thicken

Question 7

metaphase

Answer 7

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. nucleus disassembled

Question 8

anaphase

Answer 8

away- chromoso move to the opposite sides of the cell. spindles help the chromo move away.

Question 9

telophase

Answer 9

t=2 chromosomes at complete opposite ends of the cell and the nucleus is forming.

Question 10

Mitosis Phases

Answer 10

PMAT

Question 11

MRNA

Answer 11

formed from DNA

Has a coding sequence of 3 to 1 bases know as codons

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

found in the nucleus, transcription happens in DNA

Question 13

Codons

Answer 13

codes for amino acids made of three bases

Question 14

Amino acids

Answer 14

building blocks for protein

brought to ribosomes by TRNA

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Needed by the body for growth and repair. makes up enzymes. made in the process of translation

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

small particles in the cell which proteins are assembled. made of protein and RNA. cell structure where translation takes place

Question 17

rRNA

Answer 17

ribosomal RNA

Question 18

Amino acids

Answer 18

the monomers of proteins

Question 19

homologous

Answer 19

each of the 4 chromosomes that come from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent.

Question 20

Diploid

Answer 20

a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is said to be diploid which means 2 sets. Sometimes represented by 2N.

Question 21

prophase 1

Answer 21

spindles start to form, chromo thicken, homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad; crossing over occurs

Question 22

metaphase 1

Answer 22

spindles fibers attach to the chromosomes

Question 23

anaphase 1

Answer 23

the fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 24

telephase 1

Answer 24

nuclear membrane forms. the cell deparates into two cells

Question 25

prophase 2

Answer 25

2 separate cells each with 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the original cell

Question 26

metaphase 2

Answer 26

chromosomes line up - single file

Question 27

anaphase 2

Answer 27

sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 28

telephase 2

Answer 28

Cells divide into 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 29

meiosis

Answer 29

process of reduction division where the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Question 30

crossing over

Answer 30

when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange portions of their chromatids

Question 31

tetrad

Answer 31

the structure of 4 chromatids that form during meiosis. happens before crossing over.

Question 32

Translation

Answer 32

decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain also called "protein synthesis".

Question 33

tRNA

Answer 33

transfer RNA. type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

Question 34

Watson & Crick

Answer 34

2 scientists that developed the double helix model of DNA

Question 35

What forces hold the 2 strands of DNA together?

Answer 35

Watson & Crick learned that hydrogen bonds could only form between certain nitrogenous bases and provided just enough strength to hold the 2 strands together. Once they realized this principle, "base paring" there was a reason that A-T and G-C went together.

Question 36

transcription

Answer 36

part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA. Enzymes= helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, ligase.

Question 37

Translation

Answer 37

Decoding mRNA message into polypeptide chain (protein). Translation takes place in ribosomes.

Question 38

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 38

a monomer (building block) of nucleic acids made of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and (1 of 4) nitrogenous bases.