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mitosis & meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

also known as cell reproduction

A

cell division

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2
Q

is tightly coiled in an organized structure

A

chromosome

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3
Q

a complex of macromolecules composed of DNA and proteins, formed inside a nucleus

A

chromatin

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4
Q

refers to each strand of duplicated chromosomes

A

chromatid

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5
Q

series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides

A

cell cycle

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6
Q

is the growth period in the cell cycle

A

interphase

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7
Q

first part of the cell cycle wherein the cell carries out its normal metabolic functions

A

G1 phase or Gap 1 phase

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8
Q

second part of the cell cycle, which refers to the time that the cell makes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus

A

S phase or Synthesis phase

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9
Q

cell grows more, make proteins and organelles and begins to recognize its content to preparation for mitosis

A

G2 phase or Gap 2 phase

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10
Q

cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cell. nuclear DNA of the cell condenses and is pulled apart

A

M phase or Mitotic phase

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11
Q

occurs in non-reproductive cells, or somatic cells, except the sex cells.

A

mitosis

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11
Q

is the division of nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei containing the same full set of DNA.

A

mitosis

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11
Q

chromatin condenses into chromosomes. nucleolus disappears. centrosomes are starting to migrate to opposite sides of the cell. formation of the spindle fiber.

A

prophase

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12
Q

nuclear membrane is now gone. chromosomes are starting to line up in the middle of the cell. the spindle fibers are now connected to kinetochore.

A

metaphase

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13
Q

sister chromatids are separated from each other. chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell.

A

anaphase

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14
Q

two complete sets of identical chromosomes are now positioned at each of the pole of the cell. microtubules and spindle fibers are disintegrated. nuclear membrane starts to form while the chromosomes begin to uncoil or become less dense.

A

telophase

15
Q

division of the cytoplasm. cell division will not be completed until the entire cytoplasm divides.

A

cytokinesis

16
Q

cell contains a single set of chromosomes

A

haploid cells

17
Q

cell contains two copies of each chromosomes

A

diploid cells

18
Q

are chromosome pairs containing a maternal and paternal chromatids that are similar in length

A

homologous chromosomes

19
Q

focuses on the division of homologous chromosomes to produce two haploid cells with duplicated chromosome

A

meiosis 1

20
Q

crossing over occurs

A

synapsis

21
Q

the breaking down of nuclear envelope. spindle fibers begin to assemble. duplicated chromosomes condense, while the homologous pair line up by gene precisely in its entire length.

A

prophase 1

22
Q

the spindle apparatus forms from opposite ends
of the cell. The spindle apparatus then sends out spindle fibers to attach to the
chromosomes.

A

metaphase 1

23
Q

The homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and move towards opposite ends of the
cell by the action of spindle fibers. sister chromatids remain together and do not separate at their centromeres throughout meiosis 1.

A

anaphase 1

24
Q

The chromosomes are now at opposite ends of the cell and begin to form two distinct chromosome clusters. nuclear division begins, and
the parent cell is divided in half, forming 2 daughter cells.

A

telophase 1

25
Q

divides sister chromatids, resulting in sex cells with only half of the chromosome number.

A

meiosis 2

26
Q

divides sister chromatids, resulting in sex cells with only half of the chromosome number.

A

meiosis 2

27
Q

the chromosomes begin to re-condense and
spindle fibers begin to form once again.

A

prophase 2

28
Q

chromosome lines up along the equator through the spindle fiber.

A

metaphase 2

29
Q

the centromere splits, freeing the sister
chromatids from each other. At this point, spindle fibers begin to shorten, pulling
the newly-separated sister chromatids towards opposite ends of the cell.

A

anaphase 2

30
Q

nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell. cell division begins again in each of the two
daughter cells, creating 4 daughter cells.

A

telophase 2

31
Q

one cell division. homologous chromosomes never pair up. results in two diploid cells

A

mitosis

32
Q

two cell division. homologous chromosomes pair up along the equator. result in 4 haploid cells

A

meiosis

... (2 decks)

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