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Biology Honors > Mitosis- Cell Division > Flashcards

Mitosis- Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Compacted DNA that looks like a small X.

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2
Q

How many chromosomes come from your father and mother?

A

You receive 23 chromosomes from your mother and 23 from your father.

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3
Q

What is Cell Division?

A

The making of two new identical cells used only by eukaryotes.

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4
Q

What is a diploid?

A

Two complete sets of chromosomes.

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5
Q

What is a haploid?

A

One complete set of chromosomes.

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6
Q

What occurs in Mitosis?

A

A cell duplicates its DNA and nucleus to then divide into two identical daughter cells.

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7
Q

If there are 46 chromosomes in a human. How many will be left after Mitosis?

A

46 chromosomes

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8
Q

What is DNA?

A

Genetic material

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9
Q

What is Chromatin?

A

Genetic material attached to proteins that look like spaghetti.

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10
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Condensed and compacted chromatin. (DNA)

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11
Q

What are Chromatids?

A

Split in half Chromosomes.

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12
Q

What are the three main steps of the Cell Cycle?

A

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

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13
Q

What are the four phases of Mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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14
Q

A cell spends most of its time in which stage?

A

Interphase

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15
Q

What occurs in Interphase?

A

G1: cell grows, organelles double in number; cell does its job
S (DNA synthesis) DNA is copied
G2: More growth

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16
Q

What occurs in Prophase?

A
  • The nucleus begins to divide
  • Poles start appearing and begin to move to the opposite sides of the cell
  • Spindle fibers form between the poles
  • Chromosomes become visible
  • The nuclear membrane breaks down
  • Chromatids attach to an area called the centromere
  • Spindle fibers extend from the centrioles
17
Q

What occurs in Metaphase?

A
  • Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers
  • Chromosomes meet in the middle
18
Q

What occurs in Telophase?

A
  • Two new nuclei form
  • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods)
  • Mitosis ends. This is the end of nuclear cell division but cells are not completely divided yet.
19
Q

What is Apoptosis?

A
  • Programmed cell death
  • Cell produces self destructive enzymes
  • Example - Webbing between fingers in fetus
20
Q

Metastasize

A

When cancer spreads to other parts of the body

21
Q

What is Cancer?

A
  • Uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body
  • Cancer cells divide constantly and form clumps called tumors
22
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A

A tumor that stays in the same place and can be removed.

23
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A

A tumor that breaks apart (Metastasize) and can form tumors in other parts of the body.

Biology Honors (2 decks)

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