Mitosis - Cell division Flashcards
What is the order of the four stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What happens during prophase?
The nuclear membrane breaks down and the centrosome is duplicated forming two daughter centrosomes that line up at opposite ends of the cell. Each centrosome contains two centrioles. A mitotic spindle forms.
What happens during metaphase?
The chromosomes line up along the central axis of the spindle apparatus. Tubes which come from the centrioles connect to the centromere.
What happens during anaphase?
The centromeres divide and the chromatids are pulled apart, moving to opposite ends of the cell.
What happens during telophase?
Two nuclei form with nuclear membranes reforming around the groups of chromosomes. The spindle breaks down
What is cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm of the parental cell divides into two daughter cells, each with identical genetic coding. Mitosis is complete.
What are diploid cells?
They are cells with all 46 chromosomes because they have two sets each. Diploid number: 2n
What are haploid cells?
They are cells that have only 23 chromosomes, which are sex cells. Haploid number: n
What is mitosis used for?
Asexual reproduction, growth of an organism, wound repair, tissue regeneration, laboratory tissue culture.
How does asexual reproduction occur?
Asexual reproduction occurs by cell division (mitosis), producing two or more genetically identical offspring.
What organisms use asexual reproduction?
Unicellular organisms which use asexual reproduction include yeasts (for baking and brewing), yeasts (cause skin infections), protists (such as Amoeba and Euglena).
What does mitosis produce?
Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
What is a somatic cell?
A somatic cell is any cell of the body except sperm and egg cells.
