Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cell Theory?

A

Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms

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2
Q

What is mitosis?

A

division of a parent somatic cell into 2 genetically identical daughter cells/ progeny. (asexual reproduction)

(more complex in eukaryotic than prokaryotic cells- binary fission)

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3
Q

What are 2 stages of mitosis?

A
  1. Interphase
    • Cell growth and development (G1/G0)
    • the cell is preparing for division (S/G2)
    • period between cell divisions
  2. M-phase (Mitotic phase)
    -period of active cell division
    • firstly nuclear division or mitosis occurs
    • followed by cytokinesis or cytoplasmic division
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4
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A

PMAT =>
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase and Cytokinesis

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5
Q

What is meiosis?

A

division of parent germ cell into four genetically variable daughter cells/ progeny

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6
Q

What are the phases of meiosis?

A

Meiosis I
*Prophase I (Leptotene- this threads, Zygotene- homologous chromosomes, Pachytene- thick threads/ crossing over at synapse, Diplotene- two threads still attached at chiasmata, Diakinesis- break down of membrane and spindle fibres form)
*Metaphase I (Homologous Chromosomes align- random assortment)
*Anaphase I
*Telophase I (and Cytokinesis)

Meiosis II
*Prophase II
*Metaphase II
*Anaphase II
*Telophase II (and Cytokinesis)

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7
Q

What accounts for genetic variation?

A
  1. Mutation (both mitosis and meiosis)
    • Creates novel alleles (point mutation)
    • Polyploids (chromosomal aberrations)
  2. Recombination (only in meiosis)
    • Shuffles existing alleles to create novel allelic combos
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