Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards
What is semi-conservative replication?
It is when the original strand of DNA splits down the middle separating the complementary bases. Then a new strand of DNA is synthesised to complement each split strand of DNA. Then, one DNA strand remains in the nucleus and the other goes out to the mitochondria for the production of proteins.
At the end of mitosis, the rest of the cell contents divide into two cells. What is this process called?
Cytokinesis
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
PMAT - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What happens in prophase?
DNA condenses to form chromosomes.
Centrioles move to the poles of the cell.
What happens in metaphase?
Spindle fibres are attached to the centromeres.
Chromosomes are aligned on the middle plate.
What happens in anaphase?
The chromatids are drawn apart
What happens in telophase?
Nuclei begin to form and chromosomes begin to uncoil.
What type of reproduction process is mitosis? Justify your answer.
Asexual reproduction because the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
What process produces the gametes?
Meiosis
What are the gametes?
They are the sex cells both the sperm and the egg.
Why are the gametes haploid?
This is because it will enable the zygote to be diploid and having all 46 chromosomes. (n+n=2n)
What are the two mechanisms during meiosis that create differences in the gametes?
Crossing over and Independent assortment.
What is an allele?
An allele is a form of a gene that occupies a specific position on a specific chromosome that contribute to a final characteristic.
What is a phenotype?
An observable characteristic that is determined by a specific genotype.
What is a genotype?
A combination of alleles that give rise to a specific phenotype.
