Mitosis and Cells

Question 1

What is Mitosis?

Answer 1

Mitosis is a type of cell division where identical cells are created.

Question 2

What are diploid cells?

Answer 2

. Diploid cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes).
. e.g. body cells

Question 3

What are haploid cells?

Answer 3

. Haploid cells contain half the amount of chromosomes as a diploid cell. It has only 1 set of chromosomes.
. e.g. Gametes (reproductive cells).

Question 4

What are the three stages for cell division?

Answer 4

1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
3. Cytokinesis

Question 5

What is a chromosome?

Answer 5

Chromosomes are thread-like structures, made of the chemical DNA, which carry genetic information in the form of genes

Question 6

What is the order of the stages in mitosis?

Answer 6

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
6. Cytokinesis

Question 7

What happens in interphase?

Answer 7

The DNA in the cell is copied (making X-shapes, each containing a chromosome and its copy). Sub-cellular parts (such as mitochondria) are also copied.

Question 8

What happens in prophase?

Answer 8

The membrane around the nucleus breaks down.

Question 9

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 9

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Question 10

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 10

Each of the chromosome X-shapes splits to form two single chromosomes. The single chromosomes move away from each other.

Question 11

What happens in telophase?

Answer 11

The single chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell. The membranes around each nucleus start to form again.

Question 12

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 12

The cytoplasm of the cell is separated as a cell membrane divides the cell into two daughter cells.

Question 13

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 13

Cell differentiation is the process by which specialised cells are made.

Question 14

What is elongation?

Answer 14

Elongation is where existing cells get longer.

Question 15

Where does cell division happen for plants?

Answer 15

Cell division happens in the tips of the roots and shoots (in areas
called meristems).

Question 16

How is cancer caused?

Answer 16

Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell division which may lead to a mass of abnormal cells, called a tumour.

Question 17

What are two uses of mitosis?

Answer 17

. To produce new cells for growth
. To replace damaged/dying cells with new cells (your body must
replace hundreds of millions of dying cells every single second!)

Question 18

What are stem cells?

Answer 18

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have not yet specialised to perform a specific function.

Question 19

What is a meristem cell?

Answer 19

Meristems are regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division.

Question 20

What are pluripotent cells?

Answer 20

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into all of the cells of the adult body.