Mitosis and Cells Flashcards
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is a type of cell division where identical cells are created.
What are diploid cells?
. Diploid cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes).
. e.g. body cells
What are haploid cells?
. Haploid cells contain half the amount of chromosomes as a diploid cell. It has only 1 set of chromosomes.
. e.g. Gametes (reproductive cells).
What are the three stages for cell division?
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
What is a chromosome?
Chromosomes are thread-like structures, made of the chemical DNA, which carry genetic information in the form of genes
What is the order of the stages in mitosis?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What happens in interphase?
The DNA in the cell is copied (making X-shapes, each containing a chromosome and its copy). Sub-cellular parts (such as mitochondria) are also copied.
What happens in prophase?
The membrane around the nucleus breaks down.
What happens in metaphase?
The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What happens in anaphase?
Each of the chromosome X-shapes splits to form two single chromosomes. The single chromosomes move away from each other.
What happens in telophase?
The single chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell. The membranes around each nucleus start to form again.
What happens in cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm of the cell is separated as a cell membrane divides the cell into two daughter cells.
What is cell differentiation?
Cell differentiation is the process by which specialised cells are made.
What is elongation?
Elongation is where existing cells get longer.
Where does cell division happen for plants?
Cell division happens in the tips of the roots and shoots (in areas
called meristems).
How is cancer caused?
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell division which may lead to a mass of abnormal cells, called a tumour.
What are two uses of mitosis?
. To produce new cells for growth
. To replace damaged/dying cells with new cells (your body must
replace hundreds of millions of dying cells every single second!)
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have not yet specialised to perform a specific function.
What is a meristem cell?
Meristems are regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division.
What are pluripotent cells?
Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into all of the cells of the adult body.
