Mitosis Flashcards
what is the purpose of mitosis?
to divide the replicated DNA into 2 identical cells.
SOO ESSENTIALLY To split the sister chromatids between two cells
List the 5 stages of mitosis
- prophase
- prometaphase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
Prophase
chromosomes condense and become visible. Centrosomes move apart toward opposite poles. Nucleoli begin to disappear (plural for nucleus)
Prometaphase
Essentially apart of prophase because it’s so hard to spot the difference buttt here’s the description I was given
-spindle forms and sister chromatids attach to microtubules from opposite centrosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Microtubules from centrosomes invade the nucleus and connect to kinetochores in centromere of each chromatid. sister chromatids attach to microtubules from opposite poles. Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate with sister chromatids facing opposite poles
Anaphase
sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
centromeres of all chromosomes divide simultaneously, kinetochore microtubules shorten and pull separated sister chromatids to opposite poles (characteristic v shape)
telophase
chromosomes decondense and are enclosed in two nuclei
rewind of prophase, nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromatids
nucleoli re-form, spindle fibers disperse, chromosomes decondense
microtubules
the string that pulls them apart
centrosomes
the whole structure of the string. If we were talking about string, this would be the ball of yarn. It’s the WHOLE thing
Cytokinesis
begins during anaphase but not completed until after telophase
Parent cells split into two daughter cells with identical nuclei
Cytoplasm divides between 2 daughter cells
Animals have a contractile ring that contracts to form a cleavage furrow. This is different in plants due to their cell wall
