Mitosis Flashcards
What is the process of cell division called?
Mitosis
True or False: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
True
What is the term for the structures that carry genetic information?
Chromosomes
Fill in the blank: The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell’s equator is called __________.
Metaphase
How many phases are there in mitosis?
Five phases
What are the five phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis
During which phase do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To produce two identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
True or False: Chromosomes are visible during interphase.
False
What is the structure that holds sister chromatids together?
Centromere
Multiple Choice: Which phase follows metaphase in mitosis? A) Prophase B) Anaphase C) Telophase
B) Anaphase
Fill in the blank: Before mitosis begins, the cell’s DNA is replicated during __________.
Interphase
What is the name of the protein structure that helps segregate chromosomes during mitosis?
Spindle fibers
True or False: Cytokinesis is part of mitosis.
False
What happens during prophase?
Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is a less condensed form of DNA, while chromosomes are the condensed, visible form during cell division.
Multiple Choice: What is the result of mitosis? A) Four non-identical cells B) Two identical cells C) One cell
B) Two identical cells
Fill in the blank: In human cells, the typical number of chromosomes is __________.
46
True or False: Mitosis occurs in somatic cells.
True
What is the role of the mitotic spindle?
To separate the sister chromatids and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.
What is the term for the period of the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing?
Interphase
During which phase does the nuclear envelope reform?
Telophase
Fill in the blank: The genetic material is duplicated during the __________ phase of the cell cycle.
S phase
What type of cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic cells
True or False: Mitosis is a method of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.
True
What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
They ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase and prevent errors.
Multiple Choice: Which checkpoint assesses DNA integrity before mitosis? A) G1 checkpoint B) G2 checkpoint C) M checkpoint
B) G2 checkpoint
What is the main function of telomeres?
To protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation.
Fill in the blank: The phase of mitosis where the chromosomes are pulled apart is called __________.
Anaphase
What happens to the cell’s surface area to volume ratio as it grows?
It decreases, which can limit further growth.
True or False: Mitosis occurs in both plant and animal cells.
True
What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To prevent the progression of the cell cycle if conditions are not favorable.
What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis?
Cytokinesis
Fill in the blank: During __________, the chromosomes are duplicated and prepared for division.
S phase
What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?
Cyclins regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases.
Multiple Choice: Which phase is characterized by the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cells? A) Telophase B) Metaphase C) Cytokinesis
C) Cytokinesis
True or False: In plant cells, the cell plate forms during cytokinesis.
True
What is the role of the centrosome during mitosis?
To organize the microtubules that form the spindle fibers.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is when the cell prepares for division by checking for DNA damage.
G2 phase
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
It begins to break down.
Multiple Choice: At what stage do chromosomes first become visible? A) Interphase B) Prophase C) Telophase
B) Prophase
True or False: Mitosis is essential for growth and tissue repair.
True
What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
Genotype
Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a genotype is known as the __________.
Phenotype
What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse gametes.
During which phase do chromosomes condense and become visible?
Prophase
What is the significance of the spindle assembly checkpoint?
It ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins.
True or False: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins.
True
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the cell cycle where the cell grows and performs its normal functions.
G1 phase
What is the process of cell division called?
Mitosis
True or False: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
True
What is the term for the structures that carry genetic information?
Chromosomes
Fill in the blank: The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell’s equator is called __________.
Metaphase
How many phases are there in mitosis?
Five phases
What are the five phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis
During which phase do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To produce two identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
True or False: Chromosomes are visible during interphase.
False
What is the structure that holds sister chromatids together?
Centromere
Multiple Choice: Which phase follows metaphase in mitosis? A) Prophase B) Anaphase C) Telophase
B) Anaphase
Fill in the blank: Before mitosis begins, the cell’s DNA is replicated during __________.
Interphase
What is the name of the protein structure that helps segregate chromosomes during mitosis?
Spindle fibers
True or False: Cytokinesis is part of mitosis.
False
What happens during prophase?
Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is a less condensed form of DNA, while chromosomes are the condensed, visible form during cell division.
Multiple Choice: What is the result of mitosis? A) Four non-identical cells B) Two identical cells C) One cell
B) Two identical cells
Fill in the blank: In human cells, the typical number of chromosomes is __________.
46
True or False: Mitosis occurs in somatic cells.
True
What is the role of the mitotic spindle?
To separate the sister chromatids and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.
What is the term for the period of the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing?
Interphase
During which phase does the nuclear envelope reform?
Telophase
Fill in the blank: The genetic material is duplicated during the __________ phase of the cell cycle.
S phase
What type of cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic cells
True or False: Mitosis is a method of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.
True
What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
They ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase and prevent errors.
Multiple Choice: Which checkpoint assesses DNA integrity before mitosis? A) G1 checkpoint B) G2 checkpoint C) M checkpoint
B) G2 checkpoint
What is the main function of telomeres?
To protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation.
Fill in the blank: The phase of mitosis where the chromosomes are pulled apart is called __________.
Anaphase
What happens to the cell’s surface area to volume ratio as it grows?
It decreases, which can limit further growth.
True or False: Mitosis occurs in both plant and animal cells.
True
What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To prevent the progression of the cell cycle if conditions are not favorable.
What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis?
Cytokinesis
Fill in the blank: During __________, the chromosomes are duplicated and prepared for division.
S phase
What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?
Cyclins regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases.
Multiple Choice: Which phase is characterized by the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cells? A) Telophase B) Metaphase C) Cytokinesis
C) Cytokinesis
True or False: In plant cells, the cell plate forms during cytokinesis.
True
What is the role of the centrosome during mitosis?
To organize the microtubules that form the spindle fibers.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is when the cell prepares for division by checking for DNA damage.
G2 phase
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
It begins to break down.
Multiple Choice: At what stage do chromosomes first become visible? A) Interphase B) Prophase C) Telophase
B) Prophase
True or False: Mitosis is essential for growth and tissue repair.
True
What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
Genotype
Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a genotype is known as the __________.
Phenotype
What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse gametes.
During which phase do chromosomes condense and become visible?
Prophase
What is the significance of the spindle assembly checkpoint?
It ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins.
True or False: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins.
True
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the cell cycle where the cell grows and performs its normal functions.
G1 phase
