Mitosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is cell division?
A
The process by which one cell produces two identical copies of itself
2
Q
Why is cell division necessary?
A
- Growth
- Repair
- Renewal of stem cells
- Asexual reproduction in plants
3
Q
What must happen before a cell can divide?
A
- DNA must be copied so each cell gets two copies of each chromosome
- Organelles must be replicated so each cell has enough components
4
Q
What happens during interphase before mitosis?
A
- Each chromosome is duplicated via DNA replication
- The two DNA strands unzip- serves as a template for synthesizing new strands
- Two sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere
5
Q
Prophase
A
- 2 pairs of centrioles move to
opposite poles of the cell - Spindle forms between the centrioles
- Chromosomes condense (thicken)
- Nuclear envelope breaks down and nucleoli disappears
6
Q
Metaphase
A
- Chromosomes become attached to spindle fibres at the centromeres
- They line up across the equator of the spindle
7
Q
Anaphase
A
- Centromeres divide
- Sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell as the spindle fibres shorten
8
Q
Telophase
A
- Chromosomes lengthen and uncoil
- Nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes
- Nucleoli reform
9
Q
What happens after mitosis?
A
The cytoplasm divides in a process called cytokinesis to form two separate daughter cells
10
Q
What happens during cytokinesis in plant cells?
A
- Spindle remnants form a scaffold to create a cell plate
- Develops into a new cell wall
11
Q
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
A
- A cleavage furrow develops in the cell membrane
- Deepens until the cells separate
12
Q
Do plants have centrioles?
A
No plants do not have centrioles
