mitosis Flashcards
mitosis definition
produces cells which the same number of chromosomes as mother cell
what type of cell splitting is mitosis
diploid
how does DNA exist in chromosome
one strand in the form of a double helix which runs through the whole chromosome
can you see chromosome in the cell
no
but can see chromatid if stained
how does chromatid look like
long thin strand
what does chromosomes include
two chromatid joined together in specialised part called the centromere
where does chromatid join together
centromere
how does cromatid look like (diagram)
loose squiggly line
how does condensed chromatid look like (diagram)
loads of circles in a line (very very windy curls)
how does sister cromatid look like (diagram)
2 condensed chromatid joined in the middle at the centromere
what is a complete set of chromosome icon
n
what does homologus mean
pair of chromosomes in a cell that are similar but has different version eg blonde, brunette
how many chromosomes does a human have
23 pairs of homologous
what is the name for a complete set of chromosomes
ploidy level
what is the name for things which have more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes
polyploid
shape change before mitosis in animal cells
becomes rounded
shape change before mitosis in plant cells
no shape change
mitosis - animal cells - centrioles?
yes
mitosis - plant cells - centrioles?
no
cytokenisis shape in animal cells
cleavage furrow
cytokenisis shape in plant cells
cell plate
where does the cytokinesis site come from in animal cells?
cleavage furrow developes from the outside inwards
where does the cytokinesis site come from in plant cells?
cell plate develops from the centre outwards
spindle in mitosis in animal cells
degenerates at telophase
spindle in mitosis in plant cells
remains throughout new cell wall formation
where does mitosis happen in animal cells
bone marrow
epithelia
hair foliccles
nail beds
where does mitosis happen in plant cells
in meristems
what is mitosis used for in the cell
asexual reproduction
repair
growth
what is interphase
genetic material not condensed into chromosomes
DNA duplicates
Organelles duplicate
Cell growth
what happens in early prophase
chromosomes are visible
centrioles migrate to the opposite poles of the cell
spindle begins to form
what happens in late prophase
nuclear envelope breaks down
chromosomes condense
spindle formed
what happens in metaphase
chromsomes line up at the middle of the cell
spindle attaches to the centromere of the chromosome
what happpens in anaphase
spindle fibres begin to shorten pulling the chromosomes apart at the centromere splitting the chromatids apart
chromatids move to oppoite end
what happens in telophase
chromosomes reached poles of the cells
they unravel and extend
spindle breaks down, centrioles duplictes, nucleuolus reapppears
what happens in cytokinesis
cleavage forms in cytoplasm
chromosomes begin o unwind to form chromatid
nuclear envelope begins to reform
what are all the phases of mitosis
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokenisis
