Mitosis Flashcards
Mitosis is defined as
a type of cell duplication where cells give rise to two genetically identical daughter cells
Mitosis occurs in
the bodies stem cells (eg., colon)
Cell Division Occurs by
Mitosis or Meiosis
Eukaryotes
- genomes large and linear
- Dna in nucleus
Prokaryotes
- Genomes small and circular
- DNA in cytoplasm
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
growth, cellular metabolism
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA replication (chromosome duplication)
What happens in the G2 phase (gap 2) phase of the cell cycle?
Prep for mitosis
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle (mitosis)?
Chromosomal separation and cytokinesis
What is interphase in the cell cycle?
the time between successive mitoses (G1 + S + G2)
What happens during interphase?
Growth, DNA replication, cell functions
How many autosomes are there in 1 pair of sex chromosomes?
22
“IPMAT”
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens in prophase?
Chromosomes condense, centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles
What happens in prometaphase?
Microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes align in the center of the cell
What happens in anaphase?
Sister chromatids (which become individual chromosomes when the centromere splits) separate and travel to opposite poles
What happens in telophase?
The nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense
Ploidy
The number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell
Haploid
A cell with one complete set of chromosomes (sperm cell or an egg in vertebrates)
Diploid cell
- Has two complete sets of chromosomes (a somatic cell, such as a skin cell)
Haploid (n) vs Diploid (2n)
Haploid cell (n): 1 unique chromosome from Dad’s germ cell + 1 unique chromosome from Mom’s germ cell
VS
Diploid (2n) has 2 unique chromosomes (2n)
In Mitosis the amount of _______ changes, but NOT the _______
DNA, ploidy level
Cytokinesis is responsible for
the final separation into two cells, by splitting the cytoplasm
Centromere
Part of the chromosome where sister chromatids are held together
Chromatids
strands of replicated chromosome
Why do homologous chromosomes not cross during mitosis?
a. it would leaveto
