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BIOL 1090 > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

Mitosis is defined as

A

a type of cell duplication where cells give rise to two genetically identical daughter cells

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2
Q

Mitosis occurs in

A

the bodies stem cells (eg., colon)

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3
Q

Cell Division Occurs by

A

Mitosis or Meiosis

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  • genomes large and linear
  • Dna in nucleus
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5
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • Genomes small and circular
  • DNA in cytoplasm
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6
Q

What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

A

growth, cellular metabolism

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7
Q

What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle?

A

DNA replication (chromosome duplication)

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8
Q

What happens in the G2 phase (gap 2) phase of the cell cycle?

A

Prep for mitosis

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9
Q

What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle (mitosis)?

A

Chromosomal separation and cytokinesis

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10
Q

What is interphase in the cell cycle?

A

the time between successive mitoses (G1 + S + G2)

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11
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

Growth, DNA replication, cell functions

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12
Q

How many autosomes are there in 1 pair of sex chromosomes?

A

22

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13
Q

“IPMAT”

A

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

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14
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense, centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles

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15
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

Microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes

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16
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align in the center of the cell

17
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids (which become individual chromosomes when the centromere splits) separate and travel to opposite poles

18
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

The nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense

19
Q

Ploidy

A

The number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell

20
Q

Haploid

A

A cell with one complete set of chromosomes (sperm cell or an egg in vertebrates)

21
Q

Diploid cell

A
  • Has two complete sets of chromosomes (a somatic cell, such as a skin cell)
22
Q

Haploid (n) vs Diploid (2n)

A

Haploid cell (n): 1 unique chromosome from Dad’s germ cell + 1 unique chromosome from Mom’s germ cell
VS
Diploid (2n) has 2 unique chromosomes (2n)

23
Q

In Mitosis the amount of _______ changes, but NOT the _______

A

DNA, ploidy level

24
Q

Cytokinesis is responsible for

A

the final separation into two cells, by splitting the cytoplasm

25
Q

Centromere

A

Part of the chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

26
Q

Chromatids

A

strands of replicated chromosome

27
Q

Why do homologous chromosomes not cross during mitosis?

A

a. it would leaveto

28
Q
A

BIOL 1090 (6 decks)

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