Mitosis Flashcards
During which phase of interphase do cells grow?
G1 Phase. During the G1 phase of interphase, cells grow in size and prepare for DNA replication.
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
Anaphase. During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
What controls the cell cycle?
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. These molecules make up the cell cycle control system and trigger key events in the cell cycle.
What are the three important checkpoints in the cell cycle?
G1, G2, and M. These checkpoints ensure that the cell is ready to progress to the next phase of the cell cycle.
What are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases?
Proteins that control the progression of a cell through the cell cycle. Cyclins activate cyclin-dependent kinases, which trigger key events in the cell cycle.
Which family of proteins controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)?
Cyclin is a family of proteins that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK).
Which checkpoint is most important for most cells?
G1 checkpoint
Which cells can enter G0 and stay forever?
Nerve cells
What are the key factors that determine whether a cell can divide?
Size, nutrients, molecular signals, and DNA integrity
What is the purpose of the spindle checkpoint?
To check for correct attachment of sister chromatids to the spindle microtubules Explanation: The spindle checkpoint examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle microtubules and captures any “straggler” chromosomes.
What might be the result if the cell ignored either checkpoint and progressed through the cell cycle?
If the cell ignored either checkpoint and progressed through the cell cycle, it could result in irreparable DNA damage, leading to cell death or apoptosis.
What is a genome?
The complete set of genetic information in an organism. Explanation: A genome is the complete set of genetic information in an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding DNA sequences.
What is a centromere?
A constricted region of a chromosome that plays a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA during division.
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. Explanation: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell. It is important for cell reproduction, renewal and repair of damaged cells, and distribution of genetic material.
to move towards opposite poles of the cell, pulled by the shortening microtubules •cell elongates as non-kinetochore microtubules lengthen
MITOSIS: ANAPHASE
•A device that uses lenses to magnify objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye •Can be used to view cells, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms
MICROSCOPE
identical nuclei, is complete. Which of the following events occur during telophase and cytokinesis of mitosis?
The division of one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei is complete.
Explanation: During telophase and cytokinesis, the chromosomes become less condensed, any remaining spindle microtubules are depolymerized, and the nuclear envelope arises from the fragments of the parent cell’s nuclear envelope and other portions of the endomembrane system. The nucleoli reappear during this stage. The most significant event during this stage is the completion of the division of one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete and identical set of chromosomes.
What happens to chromosomes during telophase?
During telophase, chromosomes become less condensed, which allows for easier separation and movement towards the poles of the cell.
What happens to any remaining spindle microtubules during telophase?
Any remaining spindle microtubules are depolymerized during telophase, which allows for the chromosomes to move towards the poles of the cell.
What is the purpose of cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm and forming two distinct daughter cells, which is essential for the completion of mitosis.
What is the structure that forms during cytokinesis in animal cells?
In animal cells, cytokinesis is achieved through the formation of a cleavage furrow, which is a contractile ring that pinches the cell in two.
What is the structure that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells?
In plant cells, cytokinesis is achieved through the formation of a cell plate, which is a structure that forms between the two daughter cells and eventually develops into a new cell wall.
