Mitosis

Question 1

What does DNA stand for ?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What are the 4 bases called in DNA ?

Answer 2

Adenine and thymine (A+T)
Cytosine and guanine (C+T)

“Coding for life”

Question 3

What is mitosis ?

Answer 3

Creation of 2 identical, diploid daughter cells.
Growth and repair/replacement.

A continuous process artificially divided into 5 key phases.

INTERPHASE, PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE (CYTOKINESIS), INTERPHASE
(It pays more at Tescos).

Question 4

What is hypertrophic growth ?

Answer 4

Individual cells get bigger

Question 5

What is hyperplasia growth ?

Answer 5

A new growth
(E.g- cancerous cells)

Question 6

Interphase (between phase)

Answer 6

Cell has normal appearance of non-dividing cell condition:
Chromosomes too threadlike for clear visibility.
Interphase starts the process

For cell division to occur, cells need to:
-identically replicate DNA coding- creating an identical sister chromatin.
-Form new organelles (e.g- mitochondria, ribosomes, centrioles etc.)
-build up energy reserves

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

Replication of identical sister chromatid complete.

Chromatids condense-wind up (this protects the DNA and facilitates movement).

Centrioles migrate to poles, spindle formation commences

Prophase ends when nuclear membrane breaks down.

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

Chromosomes migrate to the equator and attach to spindles
Sister chromatids orientate themselves towards the poles.

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES ACT INDEPENDENTLY.

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

Spindle fibres contract and pull the chromatids apart, moving them to the opposite ends of the cell.
Chromatids reach their destination.

Requires energy ( a lot of mitochondrial activity)

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

Chromatids reach poles
Spindle apparatus breaks down
Nuclear membrane forms
Chromatids unwind
Cell splits = cytokinesis (2 identical cells)