mitosis

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

Cell growth and protein production stops
All of a cells energy is focused on the division
Mitosis is much shorter than interphase (1-2 hours)
Checkpoint in the middle of mitosis(metaphase checkpoint) ensures the cell is ready to complete cell division

Question 2

interphase

Answer 2

Makes up most of a cells time,
G0- when a cell leaves a cycle and quits dividing (temporary or permanent)
G1- cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made
S-phase- DNA replication
G”- continued growth and production of more proteins needed for cell division.

Question 3

G1 phase

Answer 3

Part where a cell spends most of its functional life
Cells are performing their assigned tasks, metabolizing, synthesizing etc.
New organelles and proteins are made
At some point, the cell is triggered to being cell division
Stimuli could be replacement, growth or reproduction

Question 4

S phase

Answer 4

Synthesis phase
DNA molecules are replicated
Single strand DNA in G1 phase
To double stranded DNA in G2

Question 5

G2 phase

Answer 5

Cell is preparing for actual division events

G2 completes interphase now the cell is prepared for mitosis- if it passed through the G2 checkpoint.

Question 6

prophase

Answer 6

Chromatin-protein-DNA(histone)-complex
Histones have positive charges
DNA has negative charges
Chromatin begins to condense (threads of DNA/proteins fold up into loops which fold up into chromosomes)

Question 7

end of prophase

Answer 7

End of prophase
Double structure held together at the centromere
Nuclear envelope starts to disappear
Nucleolus cannot be seen
mRNA synthesis ceases
Golgi body breaks up in vesicles
Centromeres begin to move apart to form spindle poles

Question 8

metaphase

Answer 8

Microtubules involved in the separation of duplicated chromosomes and elongation of cells begins to form
Chromosomes align on newly formed spindles as no nuclear envelope is left

Question 9

anaphase

Answer 9

Spindle fibers pull a chromatid from each chromosome to opposite poles
Polar microtubules elongate
Kinetochore microtubules shorten

Question 10

telophase

Answer 10

The new nuclei form, each with a diploid number of chromosomes
Nuclear envelope starts to reform

Question 11

[see physical flashcards for drawing of the process]