Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DNA replication and genetics > mitosis > Flashcards

mitosis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the definition of mitosis?

A

the division of nuclear genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is cytokinesis?

A

the division of the cytoplasm to form two identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the stages of the cell cycle?

A

G1
S
G2
M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the G1 phase?

A

gap phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the S stage?

A

synthesis stage - replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the G2 stage ?

A

gap phase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the M phase?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do K-fibres do?

A

they also shrink to pull chromatids apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens in the G1 phase?

A

the cell decides it wants to divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens during the S phase?

A

the genome is duplicated and chromosomes are replicated to give two sister chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens during the G2 phase?

A

checks occur to ensure there were no mistakes made during chromosome duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens during the M phase?

A

mitosis - the division of the nuclear genetic material and transport into the daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the signals for division in the G1 phase?

A

external and internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are external signals for cell division?

A

growth factors, cell density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are internal signals for cell division?

A

sufficient cellular resources
DNA duplicated
absence of DNA damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the stages of the S phase?

A

chromosomes are duplicated and condensed
the chromosomes are aligned on the equator of the cell
the chromosomes are moved to the daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens during open mitosis?

A

the nuclear envelope breaks down during division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens during closed mitosis?

A

the nuclear envelope stays intact and division takes place within the envelope

19
Q

how are chromosomes moved?

A

mitotic spindle

20
Q

what are mitotic spindles made of?

A

microtubule filaments

21
Q

what are microtubule filaments made of?

A

alpha and beta tubulin dimers which polymerise to form hollow tubes

22
Q

how are the mitotic spindles organised?

A

centrosomes

23
Q

what do the centrosomes consist of

A

2 centrioles

24
Q

what happens to the centrosome during the S phase?

A

duplicate and divide and form new spindle

25
Q

what are the three different types of microtubule within spindle?

A

interpolar
aster
K- fibres

26
Q

what do interpolar microtubules do?

A

they stabalise and elongate the spindle during mitosis

27
Q

what do the aster microtubules do?

A

stabalise and orientate the spindle at the cell cortex

28
Q

where do the microtubules attach to the chromosomes?

A

the centromere

29
Q

what are kinetocores?

A

the protein cmplexes that mediate microtubule - DNA attachment

30
Q

what do the K-fibres do in order to pull the chromatids apart?

A

shrink

31
Q

what is the cleavage furrow?

A

the divide between two daughter cells by a contractile ring

32
Q

what does the contractile ring consist of ?

A

actin and myosin

33
Q

what is the midbody?

A

the mark left on a divided cell by the contractile ring squeezing the spindle

34
Q

why can the midbody be important to the cell?

A

it can be a cell marker

35
Q

what happens during prophase?

A

spindle begins to form
aster will for on both sides of the spindle
the interpolar MT will extend to make the spindle longer
the chromosomes will start to condense and the 2 sister chromatids are visible together and attached to each other

36
Q

what happens during prometaphase?

A

the nuclear envelope starts to fragment

the mitotic spindle is formed and the Kfibres have attached to the 2 sister chromatids

37
Q

what happens during metaphase?

A

the chromosomes are lined along the metaphase plate

38
Q

what happens during anaphase?

A

the chromosomes are pulled towards the poles of the cell

39
Q

what happens during telophase?

A

the nuclear membrane begins to reform

40
Q

which enzymes drive the cell cycle?

A

CDK’s - cyklin dependant kinases

41
Q

what controls the beginning of M phase?

A

CDK’s

42
Q

how do CDK’s work?

A

they require cyclin to bind to them in order to be activated and carry out phosphorylation. these phosphorylation event can be used as signals to drive the cell cycle.

43
Q

what are the stages of binary fission within bacterial cells?

A

chromosome replication begins
one copy of the origin is now attached at each end of the cell
replication finishes

44
Q

how do bacterial cells know where to divide?

A

YFP-MinD protein indicates the centre of the cell for the bacteria

DNA replication and genetics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions