Mitochondrion Flashcards
What is mitochondrion?
it is a special organelle site of ATP synthesis
What do we get whenever ATP is hydrolyed and where is energy used for?
ADP and 30.6J of energy, energy is used for enzymatic processes, transport..
By what is ATP generated in mitochonrdria?
By glycolysis pathways, photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Protons accumulate in outside of inner membrane of mitochondria and flow back to the matrix axcross specific proton channels of ATP synthase enzymes. Energy is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
How many proteins mitochondria imports?
more than 900
How many proteins mitochondria synthesize?
13 proteins in mitochondrial matrix
What is glycolys?
Series of enzyme-catalysed catabolic ractions in the cytosol of the cells, where sugar, but moslty glucose is partally degraded. Energy from the process is stored in ATP molecules. 2 pyruvate molecules and 2 netto molecules are created from 1 glucose molecule.
What kind of energy is to create proton gradient across the membrane for photosynthetic bacteria and chloroplast and what kind is needed formitochondria and aerobic bact?
For photosynthetic bact and chloroplast - light energy
For mitochondria and aerobic bact. - chemical energy
What is mitochondrion structure providing?
It provides confined volume to generate proton gradient across.
How many membranes mitochondria has?
It has 2 membranes (outer which is smooth) and (inner which is folded into cristae)
In which membrane porin protein is presented?
outer (smooth) membrane. It makes pores so that molecules with 5kDa or smaller can pass through it.
Whats is cardiolipin?
it is diphosphatidylglycerol with 4 fatty acid chains. Its special lipid component on inner mitochondrial membrane, it reduces proton permeability of the membrane and facilitates production of proton gradient. Stabilize complex of protein complexes of respiratory chain.
Is inner membrane permeable to hydrogen ions?
NO, it creates proton gradient across the membrane
How can mitochondria synthesize ATP in such a way that proteins can generate proton gradient with help of higer energy electron and then convert it from ADP to ATP?
because of confined volume of mitochondria.
Diff. bt/w mitochondria and chloroplast?
mitochondria - 2 membranes (inner and outer), it has matrix doesen’t have thylakoid membr, its smaller.
Chloroplast- 3 membranes (inner, outer and thylakoid) insead of matrix it has stroma and its bigger.
