Mitochondria & Peroxisomes Flashcards
What is the major difference between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondria?
outer-> leaky, almost equilibrium with cytoplasm
inner-> tight - specific diffusion only
What are general import pores? GIPs?
Enormous - let folded proteins though
- leaky
- non -gated
AKA TOM40
Where are proteins that pass through TIM 22 directed?
matrix
Where are proteins that pass through TIM 23 directed?
embedded in inner membrane
How is hsp70 involved in bringing proteins into the mitochondrial matrix?
Attaches and “yanks” them-> denature and then renature inside of matrix
- hydrolizes ATP
Multiple yanks per erntrance
What types of pathologies are caused by errors/ muts in mitochondrial fusion/ fission?
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy
Charcot marie toooth neuropathy 2a
What happens to ROS and ATP as mitochondria age?
ROS increases (more oxidation)
ATP- decreases
=> neuropathy
How do mitochondria deal with aging mitochondria?
mix in bad enzymes- maintain health of population
What is the basic structure of NADH?
2 pentose rings -bound by 2 phosphates
cycles between oxidated (NAD)
and
reduced (NADH)
In terms of products and reactants, what happens during the citric acid cycle?
pyruvate-> acetly CoA + 4NADH + FAD + CO2
How is the proton gradient established?
NADH to enzyme 1 -> P+ out
E- 2 more enzymes -> enzyeme 3 -> p+ out -> enzyme 4 -> p+ out
=> water and pump 3 proteins out
- 2 p+ used inside
low p+ in
What is ATPsynthase?
only know “motot” protein
- brings P+ into cell -> spins -> converts ADP to ATP
What are the 3 conformations of ATPsynthetase?
- ADP and Pi
- ADP + Pi close -> ATP
- decrease affinity for ATP
How are defective proteins regulated in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
MitochondriaAAA
How are defective proteins regulated in the mitochondrial matrix?
LON
