Mitochondria and Chloroplast

Question 1

What is “DNA synthesis” the same as?

Answer 1

replication

Question 2

What is “RNA synthesis” the same as?

Answer 2

transcription

Question 3

What is “protein synthesis” the same as?

Answer 3

translation

Question 4

What are the 2 main cell types?

Answer 4

• prokaryotes

- eukaryotes

Question 5

What are 5 features of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

• diverse and numerous
• small
• quick dividing
• can gene transfer horizontally
• evolve quickly

Question 6

What does horizontal gene transfer lead to?

Answer 6

antibiotic resistance

Question 7

Prokaryotes inhabit what type of condition/ environment?

Answer 7

extreme

Question 8

What does “aerobic” mean?

Answer 8

requires oxygen

Question 9

What does “anaerobic” mean?

Answer 9

does not require oxygen

Question 10

What is a “facultative anaerobe”?

Answer 10

can use oxygen or no oxygen to respire

Question 11

prokaryotes make energy from both what….?

Answer 11

organic and inorganic substances

Question 12

What does the cell wall surround?

Answer 12

plasma membrane

Question 13

What is the function of the “flagella”?

Answer 13

motility

Question 14

What are the 2 groups within the prokaryotes?

Answer 14

• bacteria

- archaea

Question 15

What are “halophiles”?

Answer 15

high salt environments

Question 16

What are “thermophiles”?

Answer 16

high temp.

Question 17

What are “methanogens”?

Answer 17

produce methane as by product in hypoxic conditions

Question 18

Eukaryotic cells contain both what? (defining features)

Answer 18

• nucleus

- membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 19

DNA tightly wrapped around histones form what?

Answer 19

chromosomes

Question 20

Chromosomes condense during what process?

Answer 20

cell division